How Might Socio-Economic Aspects Impact the Settlement Patterns of Haitians and Jamaicans in U.S. Cities? Focus on New York and Miami Metropolitan Areas
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Research Relevance
1.2. Research Problem
2. Materials and Methods
- Identifying areas of concentration of the Haitian and Jamaican population (as well as African Americans—for the purposes of comparison).
- Assessing their socio-economic status (also as compared to African Americans).
2.1. Identifying Areas of Concentration
- HH (High–High) CT with a relatively high value of the independent variable neighboring a CT with a relatively high value of the dependent variable. Spatial autocorrelation is positive. These were designated as areas of concentration.
- HL (High–Low) CT with a relatively high value of the independent variable neighboring a CT with a relatively low value of the dependent variable. Spatial autocorrelation is negative.
- LL (Low–Low) CT with a relatively low value of the independent variable neighboring a CT with relatively low values of the dependent variable. Spatial autocorrelation is positive.
- LH (Low–High) CT with a relatively low value of the independent variable neighboring a CT with relatively high values of the dependent variable. Spatial autocorrelation is negative.
2.2. Assessing the Socio-Economic Status
- A construct reflecting the social and economic background of an individual or a group.
- A concept of a relative position in a certain social structure based on the assumption of a universally uneven status.
- Median household income, US dollars.
- Unemployment rate among the working population, %.
- Share of the population with incomes below the poverty level, %.
- The share of people who completed higher education (with a bachelor’s degree) among citizens over 25 years old, %.
- The share of those occupying managerial positions or employed in areas of intellectual work among the employed, %.
- Median house price, US dollars.
- Median cost of renting a house (including operating costs and utility bills), US dollars.
- Share of occupied (not abandoned) houses, %.
- Share of households with a car, %.
3. Results
3.1. Concentration on State and County Levels
3.2. Concentration on a Metropolitan Area Level
3.3. Socio-Economic Status of the Areas of Concentration
- Areas of concentration of Haitians.
- Areas of concentration of Jamaicans.
- Areas of concentration of Haitians and Jamaicans.
- Areas of concentration of African Americans alone.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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County | Haitian Pop., Thousand | County | Jamaican Pop., Thousand |
---|---|---|---|
Broward, FL | 126.8 | Broward, FL | 114.4 |
Miami-Dade, FL | 126.3 | Kings, NY | 84.1 |
Palm Beach, FL | 85.2 | Queens, NY | 65.8 |
Kings, NY | 75.6 | Bronx, NY | 65.2 |
Orange, FL | 49.4 | Miami-Dade, FL | 37.0 |
Queens, NY | 33.1 | Palm Beach, FL | 35.7 |
Essex, NJ | 24.2 | Hartford, CT | 27.0 |
Suffolk, MA | 24.1 | Westchester, NY | 26.9 |
Nassau, NY | 23.3 | Nassau, NY | 22.2 |
Middlesex, MA | 21.3 | Orange, FL | 21.3 |
Metropolitan Area | Haitians | Jamaicans | Haitian and Jamaicans | African Americans (Without Haitians and Jamaicans) |
---|---|---|---|---|
New York (mean) Miami (mean) | 11.6 | 16.3 | 27.2 | 62.6 |
18.5 | 6.6 | 27.4 | 63.5 | |
New York (max) Miami (max) | 29.4 | 45.8 | 55.2 | 100 |
62.1 | 16.2 | 63.2 | 96.4 | |
New York (min) Miami (min) | 1 | 1.9 | 5.9 | 21.2 |
1.4 | 1.8 | 7.1 | 19.8 |
Metropolitan Area | Haitians | Jamaicans | Haitians and Jamaicans | African Americans Alone |
---|---|---|---|---|
New York (mean) Miami (mean) | −3.72 | −4.72 | −1.55 | −4.7 |
−4.29 | −1.27 | −3.47 | −5.35 | |
New York (max) Miami (max) | 4.72 | 7.46 | 7.07 | 7.3 |
11.06 | 9.01 | 8.0 | 0.53 | |
New York (min) Miami (min) | −12.76 | −14.56 | −14.24 | −21.7 |
−23.51 | −14.12 | −15.98 | −16.08 |
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Alov, I.N.; Petrović, M.D. How Might Socio-Economic Aspects Impact the Settlement Patterns of Haitians and Jamaicans in U.S. Cities? Focus on New York and Miami Metropolitan Areas. Urban Sci. 2025, 9, 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9030059
Alov IN, Petrović MD. How Might Socio-Economic Aspects Impact the Settlement Patterns of Haitians and Jamaicans in U.S. Cities? Focus on New York and Miami Metropolitan Areas. Urban Science. 2025; 9(3):59. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9030059
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlov, Ivan N., and Marko D. Petrović. 2025. "How Might Socio-Economic Aspects Impact the Settlement Patterns of Haitians and Jamaicans in U.S. Cities? Focus on New York and Miami Metropolitan Areas" Urban Science 9, no. 3: 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9030059
APA StyleAlov, I. N., & Petrović, M. D. (2025). How Might Socio-Economic Aspects Impact the Settlement Patterns of Haitians and Jamaicans in U.S. Cities? Focus on New York and Miami Metropolitan Areas. Urban Science, 9(3), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9030059