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Fermentation, Volume 12, Issue 6 (June 2026) – 2 articles

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24 pages, 3732 KB  
Article
Humification and Bacterial Community Changes During Sludge Composting with Copper/Iron-Based Fenton-like Treatments
by Ruicheng Mao, Quanmin Sun, Zexin Xie, Yifa Wang, Fang Luo, Xiangmeng Ma and Zhanbo Hu
Fermentation 2026, 12(6), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation12060252 - 22 May 2026
Abstract
Insufficient oxidative capacity can limit humification during municipal sludge composting. This study comparatively evaluated two Fenton-like amendment systems, a homogeneous copper-based treatment (CH) and a heterogeneous nano-iron-based treatment (NFH), for their effects on composting performance, humification-related indices, spectroscopic characteristics, and bacterial community succession. [...] Read more.
Insufficient oxidative capacity can limit humification during municipal sludge composting. This study comparatively evaluated two Fenton-like amendment systems, a homogeneous copper-based treatment (CH) and a heterogeneous nano-iron-based treatment (NFH), for their effects on composting performance, humification-related indices, spectroscopic characteristics, and bacterial community succession. Both amended treatments improved composting performance relative to the control, reaching higher peak temperatures (68.5 °C for CH and 70.3 °C for NFH) and prolonging the thermophilic phase. NFH also showed stronger moisture removal, with the final moisture content decreasing to 58.1%, compared with 65.1% in CH and 64.1% in the control. CH showed the highest apparent humic acid accumulation (1173 mg kg−1), whereas NFH exhibited spectroscopic features commonly associated with lower E4/E6 ratios and more pronounced humic-like fluorescence characteristics. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM) analyses collectively indicated progressive transformation toward more aromatic and humified organic matter in the amended treatments. Bacterial community succession also differed across treatments, and several enriched taxa, including Rhodanobacter and Thermobifida, showed positive associations with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related variables and humification indices. These results describe treatment-linked dynamics in humification and suggest corresponding changes in microbial succession during sludge composting, with potential implications for process outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Fermentation)
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Editorial
Development and Application of Starter Cultures, 2nd Edition
by Roberta Comunian and Luigi Chessa
Fermentation 2026, 12(6), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation12060251 - 22 May 2026
Abstract
The growing demand to harmonize food safety with preservation of autochthonous sensory phenotypes has catalyzed a paradigm shift in starter culture microbiology [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Starter Cultures, 2nd Edition)
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