Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Ehrlichia canis
3. Anaplasma phagocytophilum
4. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
5. Bartonella spp.
6. Rickettsia spp.
7. Leishmania spp.
8. Babesia spp.
9. Rangelia vitalii
10. Hepatozoon spp.
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Canid Species | Common Name | Pathogens | References |
---|---|---|---|
Canis aureus | Jackal | Anaplasma phagocytophilum | [42] |
Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. | [72] | ||
Bartonella rochalimae | [85] | ||
Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii | [74,85] | ||
Canis latrans | Coyote | Ehrlichia canis | [13] |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum | [41] | ||
Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. | [68,69,71] | ||
Bartonella rochalimae | [78,79,81] | ||
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii | [79,81,86] | ||
Rickettsia spp. | [105] | ||
Rickettsia rickettsii | [106] | ||
Canis lupus | Grey wolf | Ehrlichia canis | [15,16] |
Anaplasmataceae, | [17] | ||
Ehrlichia sp. | [20] | ||
Anaplasma phagocytophilum | [39,40] | ||
Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. | [57] | ||
Bartonella rochalimae | [84,93] | ||
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii | [93] | ||
Candidatus Bartonella merieuxii | [93] | ||
Canis mesomelas | Back striped jackal | Ehrlichia canis Anaplasma phagocytophilum | [22] [43] |
Cerdocyon thous | Crab-eating fox | Ehrlichia sp. SFG Rickettsia | [19,20,21] [97] |
Chrysocyon brachyurus | Maned wolf | Ehrlichia canis | [18] |
Lycaon pictus | Lycaon | Ehrlichia canis | [12] |
Nyctereutes procyonoides | Raccoon dog | Bartonella henselae | [91] |
Speothos venaticus | Bush dog | Ehrlichia sp. | [20] |
Urocyon cinereoargenteus | Grey fox | Ehrlichia canis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Bartonella rochalimae Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii | [14] [52] [77] [77] |
Urocyon littoralis | Island fox | Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii | [88] |
Vulpes fulva | American red fox | Ehrlichia canis | [14] |
Vulpes lagopus | Artic fox | Bartonella henselae | [90] |
Vulpes macrotis | Kit fox | Bartonella rochalimae | [81] |
Vulpes vulpes | Red fox | Ehrlichia canis | [16,28,29,30,31,32,33] |
Anaplasmataceae | [17] | ||
Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp | [30,34,35,37] | ||
Anaplasma phagocytophilum | [31,32,33,37,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51] | ||
Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. | [30,46,62,63,64] | ||
Bartonella rochalimae | [78,79] | ||
Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii | [79] | ||
Bartonella clarridgeiae | [89] | ||
Rickettsia raoultii | [100] | ||
Rickettssia sibirica | [100] | ||
Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae | [100] |
Canid Species | Common Name | Pathogens | References |
---|---|---|---|
Canis adustus | Side striped kackal | Hepatozoon sp. | [202] |
Canis aureus | Jackal | Leishmania infantum | [174,176,177] |
Leishmania tropica | [152,175] | ||
Babesia canis | [42,177] | ||
Babesia vulpes | [177] | ||
Babesia sp. MML | [200,201] | ||
Hepatozoon canis | [188,200,201,202,269] | ||
Canis aureus indicus | Indian jackal | Hepatozoon canis | [270] |
Canis latrans | Coyote | Babesia gibsoni | [220] |
Babesia conradae | [221] | ||
Hepatozoon spp. | [279] | ||
Canis lupus | Grey wolf | Leishmania infantum | [17,111,131,135,136,139,149,164,165,166,167] |
Leishmania tropica | [111] | ||
Babesia canis | [163,209] | ||
Babesia capreoli | [17,163] | ||
Babesia vulpes | [187] | ||
Babesia sp. badger assoc | [16] | ||
Hepatozoon canis | [17,40,267] | ||
Canis mesomelas | Black-backed jackal | Babesia rossi | [210,211,213] |
Theileria ovis-like | [213] | ||
Hepatozoon canis | [43,213] | ||
Cerdocyon thous | Crab-eating fox | Leismania infantum | [155,160] |
Leishmania braziliensis | [161,162] | ||
Babesia caballi-like | [208] | ||
Rangelia vitalii | [240,241,242] | ||
Hepatozoon canis | [261] | ||
Hepatozoon spp. | [202,260] | ||
Hepatozoon americanum-like | [43] | ||
Hepatozoon americanum | [262] | ||
Chrysocyon brachyurus | Maned wolf | Leishmania infantum | [155,168] |
Babesia sp. | [206,207] | ||
Hepatozoon canis | [18,68] | ||
Cuon alpinus | Asian wild dog | Babesia gibsoni | [214] |
Hepatozoon canis | [214] | ||
Lycalopex culpaeus | Andean fox | Hepatozoon felis | [265] |
Lycalopex griseus | Patagonian fox | Leishmania sp. | [150] |
Hepatozoon canis | [265] | ||
Hepatozoon americanum-like | [266] | ||
Hepatozoon americanum | [265] | ||
Hepatozoon felis-like | [266] | ||
Lycalopex gymnocercus | Pampas fox | Rangelia vitalii | [242,243] |
Hepatozoon americanum | [262] | ||
Hepatozoon felis-like | [264] | ||
Lycaon pictus | Lycaon | Babesia rossi | [215,216,217] |
Babesia canis | [218] | ||
Hepatozoon sp. | [216,271,272,273] | ||
Nyctereutes procyonoides | Raccoon dog | Babesia microti-like | [229] |
Speothos venaticus | Bush dog | Leishmania infantum | [169] |
Hepatozoon spp. | [247] | ||
Urocyon cinereoargenteus | Gray fox | Babesia vulpes | [198,199] |
Vulpes corsac | Corsac fox | Hepatozoon sp. | [202] |
Vulpes pallida | Pale fox | Babesia sp. | [202] |
Hepatozoon sp. | [202] | ||
Vulpes rueppellii | Ruppels fox | Hepatozoon sp. | [202] |
Vulpes vulpes | Red fox | Leishmania infantum | [17,28,30,123,124,125,128,129,130,131,132,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,147,148,149] |
Leishmania major | [151,152] | ||
Babesia vulpes | [16,31,32,37,125,150,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,196,197,198,199,200,201] | ||
Babesia canis | [34,44,194,195] | ||
Babesia vogeli | [150] | ||
Babesia venatorum | [197] | ||
Babesia microti | [197] | ||
Babesia spp. | [17,196] | ||
Babesia sp. MML | [200,201] | ||
Hepatozoon canis | [17,30,32,33,34,37,44,125,141,189,195,200,254,255,256,257,258] | ||
Hepatozoon sp. | [202] | ||
Vulpes zerda | Fennec fox | Babesia sp. | [202] |
Hepatozoon sp. | [202] |
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Ebani, V.V.; Nardoni, S.; Mancianti, F. Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020165
Ebani VV, Nardoni S, Mancianti F. Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids. Veterinary Sciences. 2023; 10(2):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020165
Chicago/Turabian StyleEbani, Valentina Virginia, Simona Nardoni, and Francesca Mancianti. 2023. "Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Wild Canids" Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 2: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020165