Interaction of Lead and Cadmium Reduced Cadmium Toxicity in Ficus parvifolia Seedlings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Determination Methods
2.3.1. Biomass
2.3.2. Photosynthetic Characteristics and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters
2.3.3. Malondialdehyde (MDA) Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
2.3.4. Pb and Cd Accumulation and Translocation Characteristics in Plant
2.3.5. Physicochemical Characteristics of the Experimental Soil
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Biomass of F. parvifolia Seedlings under Pb and Cd Stress
3.2. Photosynthetic Parameters of F. parvifolia Seedlings under Pb and Cd Stress
3.3. MDA Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Change of F. parvifolia Seedlings under Pb and Cd Stress
3.4. Pb and Cd Uptake, Accumulation, and Translocation Characteristics of F. parvifolia Seedlings under Pb and Cd Stress
3.5. Pearson Correlation Analysis of Cd Content, Accumulation, and Physiological Indexes
4. Discussion
4.1. The Effects of Pb and Cd on Biomass
4.2. The Effects of Pb and Cd on Photosynthesis
4.3. The Effects of Pb and Cd on MDA Content and Antioxidant Enzymes
4.4. The Effects of Pb and Cd on Pb and Cd Accumulation and Translocation Characteristics of F. parvifolia
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
pH | 6.90 ± 0.01 |
Organic matter | 156.50 ± 0.56 g·kg−1 |
Organic carbon | 90.80 ± 0.32 g·kg−1 |
Total nitrogen | 1.25 ± 0.02 g·kg−1 |
available phosphorus | 10.59 ± 0.10 g·kg−1 |
Total potassium | 8.24 ± 0.17 g·kg−1 |
Pb content | 23.17 ± 1.04 mg·kg−1 |
Cd content | 0.45 ± 0.02 mg·kg−1 |
Treatments | Pb Concentration (mmol·L−1) | Cd Concentration (mmol·L−1) |
---|---|---|
CK | 0 | 0 |
Pb2 | 2 | 0 |
Pb4 | 4 | 0 |
Cd2 | 0 | 2 |
Cd4 | 0 | 4 |
Pb2Cd2 | 2 | 2 |
Pb2Cd4 | 2 | 4 |
Pb4Cd2 | 4 | 2 |
Pb4Cd4 | 4 | 4 |
Treatments | Root Biomass (g) | Stem Biomass (g) | Leaf Biomass (g) | Total Biomass (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.08 ± 0.04bc | 2.96 ± 0.49c | 1.10 ± 0.45de | 9.14 ± 0.82d |
Pb2 | 6.08 ± 0.33c | 2.73 ± 0.66bc | 0.95 ± 0.20cd | 9.77 ± 0.93d |
Pb4 | 5.00 ± 1.02bc | 2.74 ± 0.65bc | 1.33 ± 0.35e | 9.07 ± 1.65d |
Cd2 | 3.08 ± 0.37a | 1.89 ± 0.55ab | 0.28 ± 0.12a | 5.25 ± 0.85ab |
Cd4 | 2.81 ± 0.56a | 2.02 ± 0.57ab | 0.27 ± 0.09a | 5.07 ± 0.93a |
Pb2Cd2 | 5.11 ± 0.59bc | 2.27 ± 0.48abc | 0.54 ± 0.16ab | 7.92 ± 1.18bc |
Pb2Cd4 | 5.23 ± 1.42bc | 3.03 ± 0.57c | 0.71 ± 0.18bc | 8.97 ± 1.70d |
Pb4Cd2 | 4.30 ± 1.60ab | 2.38 ± 0.34abc | 0.81 ± 0.20bc | 7.48 ± 2.03bcd |
Pb4Cd4 | 3.64 ± 1.01ab | 1.79 ± 0.33a | 0.64 ± 0.31ab | 6.07 ± 1.13abc |
Pb | ** | ns | * | ** |
Cd | * | * | *** | *** |
Pb × Cd | ns | ns | ns | ns |
Treatments | Pn (μmol·m−2·s−1) | Gs (mol·m−2·s−1) | Ci (μmol·mol−1) | Tr (mol·m−2·s−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 6.27 ± 1.02c | 0.126 ± 0.013de | 296.88 ± 6.27bc | 2.72 ± 0.21d |
Pb2 | 7.89 ± 0.11d | 0.137 ± 0.002e | 281.38 ± 0.69b | 2.70 ± 0.05d |
Pb4 | 8.40 ± 0.92d | 0.197 ± 0.020f | 305.48 ± 2.62bc | 3.55 ± 0.28e |
Cd2 | 4.78 ± 1.43b | 0.109 ± 0.023cd | 311.37 ± 11.81c | 1.80 ± 0.42bc |
Cd4 | 2.99 ± 1.07a | 0.052 ± 0.022a | 282.84 ± 16.92b | 0.90 ± 0.33a |
Pb2Cd2 | 4.21 ± 1.01ab | 0.088 ± 0.010bc | 301.86 ± 20.49bc | 2.03 ± 0.19c |
Pb2Cd4 | 4.09 ± 0.21ab | 0.072 ± 0.007ab | 289.81 ± 5.54bc | 1.65 ± 0.14bc |
Pb4Cd2 | 5.28 ± 1.40bc | 0.068 ± 0.033ab | 244.30 ± 24.89a | 1.59 ± 0.60bc |
Pb4Cd4 | 4.66 ± 0.83b | 0.060 ± 0.012ab | 251.45 ± 29.92a | 1.48 ± 0.25b |
Pb | ** | ns | *** | * |
Cd | *** | *** | * | *** |
Pb × Cd | ns | *** | *** | *** |
Treatments | Fv/Fm | Y(II) | qp | NPQ | ETR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0.7290 ± 0.0164d | 0.6363 ± 0.0168d | 0.9218 ± 0.0062e | 0.3163 ± 0.0177a | 16.85 ± 0.40f |
Pb2 | 0.7034 ± 0.0144bc | 0.5954 ± 0.0184c | 0.8983 ± 0.0075d | 0.2989 ± 0.0269a | 15.25 ± 0.46e |
Pb4 | 0.7220 ± 0.0338cd | 0.6090 ± 0.0239cd | 0.8990 ± 0.0298d | 0.3085 ± 0.0550a | 16.26 ± 1.09f |
Cd2 | 0.6883 ± 0.0209ab | 0.5558 ± 0.0124b | 0.8584 ± 0.0281b | 0.2997 ± 0.0328a | 13.15 ± 0.54b |
Cd4 | 0.6685 ± 0.0303a | 0.5036 ± 0.0532a | 0.8262 ± 0.0443a | 0.5036 ± 0.1163b | 12.18 ± 1.12a |
Pb2Cd2 | 0.7253 ± 0.0241cd | 0.5891 ± 0.0097c | 0.8633 ± 0.0471bc | 0.2772 ± 0.0279a | 14.08 ± 0.50cd |
Pb2Cd4 | 0.6998 ± 0.0333bc | 0.5861 ± 0.0345c | 0.8553 ± 0.0313b | 0.3074 ± 0.0495a | 13.96 ± 0.19cd |
Pb4Cd2 | 0.7323 ± 0.0176d | 0.6019 ± 0.0404c | 0.8915 ± 0.0198cd | 0.2728 ± 0.0310a | 14.48 ± 0.71d |
Pb4Cd4 | 0.7003 ± 0.0269bc | 0.5173 ± 0.0602a | 0.8636 ± 0.0366bc | 0.2889 ± 0.0154a | 13.48 ± 0.85bc |
Pb | * | * | ns | ns | * |
Cd | *** | *** | * | *** | *** |
Pb × Cd | ** | *** | ns | * | *** |
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Li, Y.; Cheng, X.; Feng, C.; Huang, X. Interaction of Lead and Cadmium Reduced Cadmium Toxicity in Ficus parvifolia Seedlings. Toxics 2023, 11, 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030271
Li Y, Cheng X, Feng C, Huang X. Interaction of Lead and Cadmium Reduced Cadmium Toxicity in Ficus parvifolia Seedlings. Toxics. 2023; 11(3):271. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030271
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yan, Xiaomao Cheng, Chengcheng Feng, and Xiaoxia Huang. 2023. "Interaction of Lead and Cadmium Reduced Cadmium Toxicity in Ficus parvifolia Seedlings" Toxics 11, no. 3: 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11030271