Hydrothermal Treatment of Tannin: A Route to Porous Metal Oxides and Metal/Carbon Hybrid Materials
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Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS—Université de Lorraine n° 7198, ENSTIB, 27 rue Philippe Séguin, CS 60036, 88026 Epinal CEDEX, France
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Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS—Université de Lorraine n° 7198, ENSTIB, Parc de Saurupt, CS 50840, F-54011 Nancy CEDEX, France
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Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, LRC CNRS 7228, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
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Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS—Université de Lorraine n° 7198, Faculté des Sciences, Bd des Aiguillettes, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy CEDEX, France
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Samuel Bernard
Inorganics 2017, 5(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics5010007
Received: 21 December 2016 / Revised: 19 January 2017 / Accepted: 20 January 2017 / Published: 24 January 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesoporous Materials)
In the present paper, porous materials were prepared from the hydrothermal treatment of aqueous solutions of tannin, a renewable phenolic resource extracted from tree barks, containing dissolved salts of transition metals: V, Cr, Ni and Fe. Hydrothermal treatment produced carbonaceous particles doped with the aforementioned metals, and such materials were treated according to two different routes: (i) calcination in air in order to burn the carbon and to recover porous oxides; (ii) pyrolysis in inert atmosphere so as to recover porous metal/carbon hybrid materials. The nature of the metal salt was found to have a dramatic impact on the structure of the materials recovered by the first route, leading either to nano-powders (V, Cr) or to hollow microspheres (Ni, Fe). The second route was only investigated with iron, leading to magnetic Fe-loaded micro/mesoporous carbons whose texture, pore volumes and surface areas gradually changed with the iron content.
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Keywords:
hydrothermal treatment; tannin; metal oxide nanoparticles; hollow microspheres; iron/carbon hybrid materials
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MDPI and ACS Style
Braghiroli, F.L.; Fierro, V.; Szczurek, A.; Gadonneix, P.; Ghanbaja, J.; Parmentier, J.; Medjahdi, G.; Celzard, A. Hydrothermal Treatment of Tannin: A Route to Porous Metal Oxides and Metal/Carbon Hybrid Materials. Inorganics 2017, 5, 7.
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