Immunohistopathological Analysis of Spongiosis Formation in Atopic Dermatitis Compared with Other Skin Diseases
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Skin Samples
2.2. Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Double-Immunofluorescence Staining
2.3. Evaluation of Immunohistopathological Findings
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Data for Subjects and Preliminary Analysis
3.2. Immunohistopathological Findings of Spongiosis Formation in Atopic Dermatitis, Other Eczematous Dermatitis, and Other Types of Inflammatory Skin Diseases
3.2.1. Atopic Dermatitis
- IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis (AD)
- Atopy patch test in a patient with IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis
- Non-IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis
3.2.2. Xerotic Eczema
3.2.3. Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Systemic-Type Contact Dermatitis
3.2.4. Other Forms of Eczematous Dermatitis
- Nummular eczema (NE)
3.2.5. Other Types of Inflammatory Skin Diseases
- Pigmented purpuric dermatosis
- Bullous pemphigoid
3.3. Immunohistopathological Findings of Epidermal Dendritic Cell Clusters in Eczematous Dermatitis Versus Pautrier Collections in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
3.3.1. Epidermal Dendritic Cell Clusters
- IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis
- Allergic contact dermatitis and systemic-type contact dermatitis
- Pigmented purpuric dermatosis
3.3.2. Pautrier Collections in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
3.4. Quantitative Evaluations of Immunohistopathological Findings
3.4.1. Spongiotic Formation in IgE-Mediated Atopic Dermatitis, Xerotic Eczema, and Allergic Contact Dermatitis
3.4.2. Epidermal Dendritic Cells Clusters in Eczematous Dermatitis Versus Pautrier Collections in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Age/Sex | Disease | Biopsy Site | Remarks | Cont. Case | Cont. Age/Sex | Cont. Disease | Cont. Biopsy Site | Cont. Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 78/M | IgE-mediated AD | Forearm | Allergic to HDMs, etc. | 14 | 80/F | ACD | Thigh | Allergen: plants |
2 | 61/F | IgE-mediated AD | Forearm | Allergic to HDMs, etc. APT-positive † | 15 | 91/F | ACD | Face | Allergen: plants |
3 | 83/F | IgE-mediated AD | Thigh | Allergic to HDMs, etc. | 16 | 82/F | ACD | Face | Allergen: cosmetics |
4 | 49/M | IgE-mediated AD | Abdomen | Allergic to HDMs, etc. | 17 | 77/F | ACD | Face | Allergen: eyeglass |
5 | 84/M | IgE-mediated AD | Upper back | Allergic to HDMs, etc. APT-positive † | 18 | 52/M | ACD | Sole | Allergen: shoes |
6 | 40/M | IgE-mediated AD | Chest | Allergic to HDMs, etc. | 19 | 69/M | SCD | Forearm | Allergen: dialysis-related medicines |
7 | 81/F | Non-IgE- mediated AD | Forearm | Serum total and specific IgEs: WNL | 20 | 73/M | NE | Lower leg | Dispersed form |
21 | 70/M | NE | Upper back | Dispersed form | |||||
22 | 34/F | NE | Lower leg | Dispersed form | |||||
8 | 78/M | XD | Lower leg | Caused by SX | 23 | 71/F | PPD | Lower leg | With venous stasis |
24 | 81/F | PPD | Lower leg | Unknown cause | |||||
9 | 83/M | XD | Lower leg | Caused by SX | 25 | 77/M | BP | Sole | ES Serum anti-BP 180NC16a Ab: positive |
10 | 72/M | XD | Side chest | Caused by SX | 26 | 72/F | CTCL | Trunk | Disease type: ATL |
27 | 68/F | CTCL | Lower leg | Disease type: ATL | |||||
11 | 75/M | XD | Lower leg | Caused by SX, partially NE-form | 28 | 66/F | CTCL | Lower back | Disease type: ATL |
29 | 46/F | CTCL | Face | Disease type: ATL | |||||
30 | 47/M | CTCL | Neck | Disease type: ATL | |||||
12 | 76/M | XD | Forearm | Caused by SX, partially NE-form | |||||
13 | 54/M | XD | Upper arm | Caused by SX, partially NE-form |
Case and Disease | Single-IHC Staining | Double-IF Staining | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infiltrating Cells in Spongiotic Epidermis § | |||||||||||||
IgE+ Cells | CD11c+ Cells | CD206+ Cells | CD207+ Cells | CD4+ Cells | CD8+ Cells | CD3+ Cells | CD56+ Cells | IL-12p70+ Cells | IL-13+ Cells | IL-13-/CD3+ Cells | IL-13+/CD3+ Cells | IL-13+/CD3- Cells | |
1 IgE-AD | 45 | 31 | 47 | 23 | 47 | 19 | 54 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 |
2 IgE-AD | 10 | 13 | 45 | 15 | 25 | 2 | 33 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 2 | 3 |
3 IgE-AD | 20 | 38 | 37 | 9 | 16 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 |
4 IgE-AD | 18 | 20 | 21 | 9 | 36 | 14 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 4 | 1 |
5 IgE-AD | 9 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 30 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 3 | 0 |
6 IgE-AD | 16 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 2 |
Mean | 19.7 | 21 | 28.3 | 12.2 | 28.5 | 9.5 | 28.3 | 3.3 | 0 | 0.8 | 22.5 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
(±SD) | (±13.2) | (±11.1) | (±16.9) | (±5.9) | (±11.8) | (±7.5) | (±15.9) | (±2.6) | (±0) | (±0.9) | (±16.7) | (±2.5) | (±1.1) |
*, ** | * | * | |||||||||||
8 XE | 0 | 11 | 5 | 15 | 6 | 11 | 26 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 0 | 0 |
9 XE | 0 | 10 | 10 | 37 | 1 | 7 | 38 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 48 | 4 | 0 |
10 XE | 0 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 30 | 24 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
11 XE | 0 | 26 | 13 | 57 | 11 | 6 | 87 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 0 | 0 |
12 XE | 0 | 14 | 3 | 35 | 0 | 11 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
13 XE | 0 | 11 | 16 | 19 | 3 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 1 |
Mean | 0 | 12.3 | 8.8 | 28.0 | 3.5 | 11.5 | 35.7 | 3.0 | 0 | 0.3 | 38.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
(±SD) | (±0) | (±7.8) | (±5.0) | (±18.7) | (±4.3) | (±9.5) | (±26.3) | (±3.0) | (±0) | (±0.8) | (±18.9) | (±1.6) | (±0.4) |
14 ACD | 0 | 36 | 54 | 21 | 30 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 35 | 2 | 0 |
15 ACD | 0 | 52 | 32 | 20 | 50 | 10 | 48 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 35 | 18 | 6 |
16 ACD | 0 | 16 | 50 | 7 | 55 | 62 | 74 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 64 | 0 | 0 |
17 ACD | 0 | 0 | 13 | 21 | 0 | 22 | 21 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 |
18 ACD | 0 | 47 | 13 | 24 | 90 | 54 | 131 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 48 | 4 | 3 |
Mean | 0 | 30.2 | 32.4 | 18.6 | 45.0 | 29.8 | 59.6 | 10.4 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 42.2 | 4.8 | 1.8 |
(±SD) | (±0) | (±21.8) | (±19.5) | (±6.7) | (±33.1) | (±26.9) | (±45.2) | (±9.7) | (±1.7) | (±3.2) | (±14.0) | (±7.5) | (±2.6) |
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Tanei, R.; Hasegawa, Y. Immunohistopathological Analysis of Spongiosis Formation in Atopic Dermatitis Compared with Other Skin Diseases. Dermatopathology 2025, 12, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology12030023
Tanei R, Hasegawa Y. Immunohistopathological Analysis of Spongiosis Formation in Atopic Dermatitis Compared with Other Skin Diseases. Dermatopathology. 2025; 12(3):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology12030023
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanei, Ryoji, and Yasuko Hasegawa. 2025. "Immunohistopathological Analysis of Spongiosis Formation in Atopic Dermatitis Compared with Other Skin Diseases" Dermatopathology 12, no. 3: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology12030023
APA StyleTanei, R., & Hasegawa, Y. (2025). Immunohistopathological Analysis of Spongiosis Formation in Atopic Dermatitis Compared with Other Skin Diseases. Dermatopathology, 12(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/dermatopathology12030023