Introducing the Effective Features Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Increase Accuracy in Determining the Volume Percentages of Three-Phase Flows
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Extraction of frequency and wavelet properties for three-phase fluid volume percentages;
- Introducing effective features by means of the feature selection system based on the PSO algorithm;
- A notable improvement in accuracy in calculating volume percentages;
- Choosing the beneficial properties to use as the neural network’s inputs will reduce the number of computations that must be performed on the system.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Radiation-Based System
2.2. Feature Extraction
2.2.1. Frequency Domain
2.2.2. Wavelet
2.3. Feature Selection
2.4. MLP Neural Network
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref | Extracted Features | Feature Selection Method | Type of Neural Network | Maximum MSE | Maximum RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[2] | No feature extraction | Lack of feature selection | MLP | 2.56 | 1.6 |
[3] | Time features | Lack of feature selection | GMDH | 1.24 | 1.11 |
[4] | Time features | Lack of feature selection | MLP | 0.21 | 0.46 |
[9] | Frequency features | Lack of feature selection | MLP | 0.67 | 0.82 |
[10] | Lack of feature extraction | Lack of feature selection | GMDH | 7.34 | 2.71 |
[11] | Full energy peak (transmission count), photon counts of Compton edge in the transmission detector, and total count in the scattering detector | Lack of feature selection | MLP | 1.08 | 1.04 |
[Current study] | Frequency and wavelet features | PSO-based feature selection | MLP | 0.13 | 0.36 |
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Chen, T.-C.; Alizadeh, S.M.; Albahar, M.A.; Thanoon, M.; Alammari, A.; Guerrero, J.W.G.; Nazemi, E.; Eftekhari-Zadeh, E. Introducing the Effective Features Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Increase Accuracy in Determining the Volume Percentages of Three-Phase Flows. Processes 2023, 11, 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010236
Chen T-C, Alizadeh SM, Albahar MA, Thanoon M, Alammari A, Guerrero JWG, Nazemi E, Eftekhari-Zadeh E. Introducing the Effective Features Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Increase Accuracy in Determining the Volume Percentages of Three-Phase Flows. Processes. 2023; 11(1):236. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010236
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Tzu-Chia, Seyed Mehdi Alizadeh, Marwan Ali Albahar, Mohammed Thanoon, Abdullah Alammari, John William Grimaldo Guerrero, Ehsan Nazemi, and Ehsan Eftekhari-Zadeh. 2023. "Introducing the Effective Features Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Increase Accuracy in Determining the Volume Percentages of Three-Phase Flows" Processes 11, no. 1: 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010236