Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical–Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Article Screening and Data Extract Process
2.3. Eligibility Criteria
2.4. Variables Analysed
3. Results
3.1. Studies Characteristics
3.2. Constraints Modification: Number of Players
3.3. Constraints Modification: Court Dimensions
3.4. Constraints Modification: Ball/Player Interactions, Basket Height, Game Time and Number of Baskets
4. Discussion
4.1. Studies Characteristics
4.2. Constraints modification: Number of Players
4.3. Constraints Modification: Court Dimensions
4.4. Constraints Modification: Ball/Player Interactions, Basket Height, Game Time and Number of Baskets
4.5. Future Research and Practical Applications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Citation | Sample | Duration Intervention | Independent Variable | Technical Tactical Variables | Mean Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leite, Leser, Gonçalves, Baca & Sampaio (2014) [46] | 20 male basketball players (under 16.05 ± 2.09 years) | Short-term (1 day) | Type of defence pressure on 5 vs. 5 | Defence and offence possessions. | Changing the level of defensive pressure promotes different collective behaviours. |
Tallir, Pihilippaert, Valckle, Musch & Lenoir (2012) [36] | 23 male and 7 female basketball players (11.08 ± 0.55 years old). | Short-term (2 days) | 3 vs. 3 and 5 vs. 5 | Decision-making. | 3 vs. 3 involved more potential situations for learning (and improving) decision-making and motor skill execution. |
Mateus, Gonçalves, Exel, Esteves & Sampaio (2019) [52] | 14 male basketball players (14 ± 0.9 years old) | Short-term (2 days) | 2 and 4 baskets | Dribble, passes, offence positions, rebounds, & steals. | Short-term effects found in changing the number of baskets provoke offence technical variables (dribble, pass, and rebound), defence technical variables (rebound and steal), and team offence variables (offence possessions). |
Ortega, Garcia-Angulo, Gimenez & Palao (2021) [45] | 51 male basketball players (13.32 ± 0.41 years old). | Short-term (2 days) | Basket Height: 3.05 m vs. 2.80 m | Fast breaks, passes, possessions, & shots. | The use of an adapted basket height in the competition promoted a game style that increased the occurrence of fast breaks and the execution of long positional attack phases. |
Bredt, Camago, Mortoza, Andrade, Paopuci, Rosso, Praça & Chagas (2021) [23] | 45 male basketball players (14.2 ± 0.3 years old). | Short-term (3 days) | 3 vs. 3, 4 vs. 3 and 3 vs. 3+1 | Dribbles, fast breaks, offence possessions (no shots), space creations wo ball, possessions, & passes. | The small-sided games with additional players or those games played on a half-court enhance group tactical–technical behaviour. |
Sanchez, Carretero, Valiente, Gonzalo, Sampaio & Casamichana (2018) [44] | 6 young female basketball players (14.3 ± 0.5 years old). | Short-term (4 days) | Half-court and-full court | Passes, possessions, rebounds, & shots. | Half court games involved a higher number of passes, possessions, rebounds, shots |
Alti, Koklu, Alemdaroglu & Kocak (2013) [42] | 12 young female basketball players (age 15.5 ± 0.5 years old). | Short-term (1 week) | Half-court and full-court | Assists, passes, rebounds, shots, steals, passes, & turnovers. | Half-court 3-a-side games involved a higher number of technical actions compared to full-court 3-a-side games. |
Erculj, Vidic & Leskosek (2020) [33] | 72 teams (≈500 male and female U18 basketball players) | Short-term (1 week) | 3 vs. 3 and 5 vs. 5. | Shots. | 3 vs. 3 basketball created more shooting situations and provoke a higher number of shots. |
López & Arias (2019) [34] | 18 mini-basket players (9.89 ± 0.8 years old). | Short-term (4 weeks) | 3 vs. 3 and 5 vs.5. | Offence possessions & passes. | The 3 vs. 3 game form should be used to favour players’ game implications (passes and offence possessions), successful participation, positive emotions, as well as satisfying preferences. |
Diniz, Bredt & Praça (2021) [41] | 45 schoolchildren (11.55 ± 0.49 years old) from both sexes. | Short-term (4 weeks) | 3 vs. 3, 3 vs.2 and 3 vs. 3+1. | Dribbles, passes, rebounds, & shots. | 3 vs. 2 small-sided games involved higher participation than 3 vs. 3 and 3 vs. 3+1 small-sided games. The constant presence of a free player in these types of small-sided games may variability for shooting and rebounding. |
McCormick, Hannon, Newton, Shultz, Miller & Young (2012) [35] | 12 young male basketball players (15 years old). | Medium-term (6 weeks) | 3 vs. 3 and 5 vs. 5 | Possessions. | The results suggest that 3 vs. 3 leagues may be an appropriate sport for initial exposure to young basketball players. |
Klusemann, Pyne, Foster & Drinkwater (2012) [37] | 16 elite junior basketball players. 8 male (18.2 ± 0.3 years old) and 8 female (17.4 ± 0.7 years old). | Medium-term (6 weeks) | 2 vs.2 and 4 vs.4. Half court and full court 4 × 2.5 min vs. 2 × 5 min | Ball screens, dribbles, passes, shots, rebounds, and ball screens. | The number of players on the court, court size, and work-to-rest ratios involved changes in the realization of technical actions and their Frequency. |
Delextrat & Martinez (2014) [40] | 24 male basketball players (U17) | Medium-term (6 weeks) | 2 vs. 2 | Defensive actions, pass, & shot. | The use of 2 vs. 2 increased basketball-specific skills performance. |
Conte, Favero, Nierderhausen, Capranica & Tessitore (2016) [21] | 21 young male basketball players (15.4 ± 0.9 years). | Medium-term (6 weeks) | 2 vs. 2 and 4 vs.4. | Dribbles, passes, rebounds, shots, steals & turnovers. | The number of players influenced the technical actions done in the drills. The 2 vs. 2 situation increased ball screens, dribbles, passes, rebounds, and shots. |
Clemente, Conte, Sanches, Moleiro, Gomez & Lima (2018) [39] | 20 young male basketball players (U12 & U14) | Medium-term (5 weeks) | 1 vs. 1, 2 vs. 2, 3 vs. 3, 4 vs. 4 and 5 vs. 5 | Rebounds, shots, & turnovers. | The number of players influence the physical effort of players which was associated with tehcnical actions (received & attacking balls and shots). |
Bredt, Torres, Diniz, Praça, Andrade, Morales, Rosso & Chagas (2020) [43] | 12 junior male basketball players (17.01 ± 0.24 years old). | Medium-term (5 weeks) | Half court and full court. | Defensive actions, dribbles, & fakes. | 3 vs. 3 full court increased the number of fakes. |
Ferioli, Rucco, Rampinini, La Torre, Mnafredi & Conte (2020) [22] | 10 male basketball players (average 18.3 years old). | Medium-term (16 weeks) | 3 vs. 3, 4 vs. 4 and 5 vs. 5 Regular dribble and No dribble. | Assists, passes, rebounds, shots, steals & turn-overs. | Reducing the number of players increased the game-based drills and technical elements, while the No Dribble format promoted a greater number of turnovers and passes. |
Clemente, Bredt, Praça, Andrade, Sanchez, Moleiro & Lima (2021) [38] | 10 female basketball players (14.3 ± 1.3 years old). | Medium-term (15 weeks) | 1 vs. 1, 2 vs. 2, 3 vs. 3, 4 vs. 4 and 5 vs. 5. 15 × 6 m, 22 × 8 m, 24 × 11 m, 26 × 13 m and 28 × 15 m (respectively). | Rebounds & shots. | The smaller basketball small-sided games format induced higher numbers of technical–tactical actions per player per minute. Furthermore, they induced adjustments in the relative playing area. Regarding the effect of successive small-sided games bouts, two successive bouts only do not seem to impact either the numbers of technical–tactical actions or RPE. |
References
- Broadbent, N.; Buszard, T.; Farrow, D.; Reid, M. Scaling junior sport competition: A body-scaling approach? J. Sport. Sci. 2021, 39, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Buszard, T.; Farrow, D.; Reid, M. Designing Junior Sport to Maximize Potential: The Knowns, Unknowns, and Paradoxes of Scaling Sport. Front. Psychol. 2020, 10, 2878. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Marín, A.A.; Estévez-López, F.; Cárdenas, D.; Piñar, M.I. Modificación reglamentaria en baloncesto: Descripción del juego colectivo de ataque en categoría infantil. Rev. Euroam. De Cienc. Del Deporte 2013, 2, 67–75. [Google Scholar]
- Nunes, A.; Gonçalves, B.; Davids, K.; Esteves, P.; Travassos, B. How manipulation of playing area dimensions in ball possession games constrains physical effort and technical actions in under-11, under-15 and under-23 soccer players. Res. Sport Med. 2020, 29, 170–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ortega, E.; García-Angulo, A.; Gimenez, J.M.; García-Angulo, F.J.; Palao, J.M. Effect of manipulations in rules in competition on participation of male youth goalkeepers in soccer. Int. J. Sport. Sci. Coach. 2018, 13, 1040–1047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Araujo, D.; Davids, K.W.; Hristovski, R. Ecological Dynamics of Decision-Making. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2006, 7, 653–676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baker, J.; Coté, J.; Abernethy, B. Sport-Specific Practice and the Development of Expert Decision-Making in Team Ball Sports. J. Appl. Sport Psychol. 2003, 15, 12–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Button, C.; Seifert, L.; Chow, J.; Davids, K. Dynamics of Skill Acquisition: A Ecological Dynamics Approach; Human Kinetics: Harrogate, UK, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Chow, J.; Davids, K.; Button, C.; Renshaw, I. Nonlinear Pedagogy in Skill Acquisition: An Introduction; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Davids, K.; Araújo, D.; Correia, V.; Vilar, L. How small sided and conditioned games enhance acquisition of movement and decision making skills. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 2013, 41, 154–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davids, K.; Button, C.; Bennet, S. Dynamics of Skill Acquisition: A Constraints-Led Approach; Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL, USA, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Fernández-Espínola, C.; Abad, M.; Giménez, F.J. Small-sided games as a methodological resource of team sports teaching: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1884. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Araújo, D.; Hristovski, R.; Seifert, L.; Carvalho, J.; Keith, D. Ecological Cognition: Expert decision-making behaviour in sport. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2019, 12, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gimenez, J.M.; Ortega, E.; Palao, J.M.; Torres, G. Effect of Scalling equipment on U-10 players tennis serve during match-play: A nonlinear pedagogical approach. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2020, 139, 1–10. [Google Scholar]
- Light, R.; Harvey, S.; Mouchet, A. Improving ‘at-action’ decision-making in team sports through a holistic coaching approach. Sport Educ. Soc. 2014, 19, 258–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Low, B.; Coutinho, D.; Gonçalves, B.; Rein, R.; Memmert, D.; Sampaio, J. A Systematic Review of Collective Tactical Behaviours in Football Using Positional Data. Sport. Med. 2019, 50, 343–385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wood, M.; Mellalieu, S.; Araújo, D.; Woods, C.; Davids, K. Learning to coach; an ecological dynamics perspective. Sport. Sci. Coach. 2022, 22, 1–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Woods, C.; McKewon, I.; Rothwell, M.; Araújo, D.; Robertson, S.; Davids, K. Sport practitioners as sport ecology designers: How ecological dynamics has progressively changed perceptions of skill “acquisition” un the sporting habitat. J. Psychol. 2020, 11, 654. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bucheit, M.; Laursen, P.B.; Kuhnle, J.; Ruch, D.; Renaud, C.; Ahmaidi, S. Small game-based training in young elite handball players. Int. J. Sport. Med. 2009, 30, 251–258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clemente, F.; González-Víllora, S.; Delextrat, A.; Martins, F.M.L.; Vicedo, J.C.P. Effects of the Sports Level, format and Game and Task Condition on Heart Rate Responses, Rechnical and Tactical Perfomance of Youth Basketball Players. J. Hum. Kinet. 2017, 58, 141–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Conte, D.; Favero, T.; Niederhausen, M.; Capranica, L.; Tessitore, A. Effect of different number of players and training regimes on physiological and technical demands of ball-drills in basketball. J. Sport Sci. 2016, 34, 780–786. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferioli, D.; Rucco, D.; Rampinini, E.; La Torre, A.; Manfredi, M.; Conte, D. Combined Effect of Number of Players and Dribbling on Game-Based-Drill Demands in Basketball. Int. J. Sport. Physiol. Perform. 2020, 15, 825–832. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bredt, S.; Camargo, D.; Mortoza, B.; Andrade, A.; Paolucci, L.; Rosso, T.; Praça, G.; Chagas, M. Additional players and half-court areas enhance group tactical-technical behavior and decrease physical and physiological responses in basketball small-sided games. Int. J. Sport Sci. Coach. 2021, 17, 1079–1088. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bredt, S.; Morales, J.; Andrade, A.; Torres, J.; Peixoto, G.; Greco, P.J.; Chagas, M. Space Creation Dynamics in Basketball Small-Sided Games. Percept. Mot. Ski. 2017, 125, 162–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clemente, F.; Sarmento, H.; Csota, I.; Enes, A.R.; Lima, R. Variability of Technical actions during small-sided games in young soccer players. J. Hum. Kinet. 2019, 69, 201–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Coutinho, D.; Gonçalves, B.; Santos, S.; Travassos, B.; Schöllhorn, W.; Sampaio, J. The effects of individual and collective variability on youth players’ movement behaviours during football small-sided games. Res. Sport. Med. 2022, 24, 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gorman, A.D.; Headrick, J.; Renshaw, I.; McComarck, C.J.; Topp, K.M. A principled approach to equipment scaling for children’s sport: A case of study in basketball. Int. J. Sport. Sci. Coach. 2020, 16, 158–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Poureghbali, S.; Arede, J.; Rehfeld, K.; Schollhorn, W.; Leite, N. Want to impact physical, technical and tactical performance during basketball small-sided games in youth athletes? Try Differential Learning Beforehand. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 11, 9279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ortega, E.; Giménez, J.M.; Verdú, I.; Palao, J.M. Effect of basket height adaptation on technical-tactical skills, self-efficacy, cooperation, and students’ perception in a basketball unit. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sangnier, S.; Cotte, T.; Brachet, O.; Coquart, J.; Tourny, C. Planning training workload infootball using small-sided games’ density. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2019, 33, 2801–2811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sarmento, H.; Clemente, F.M.; Araújo, D.; Davids, K.; McRobert, A.; Figueiredo, A. What performance analysis need to know about research trends in association football (2012–2016): A systematic review. Sport. Med. 2018, 48, 799–836. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sarmento, H.; Clemente, F.M.; Harper, L.D.; Costa, I.T.D.; Owen, A.; Figueiredo, A.J. Small sided games in soccer–a systematic review. Int. J. Perform. Anal. Sport 2018, 18, 693–749. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Erculj, F.; Vidic, M.; Leskosek, B. Shooting efficiency and structure of shooting in 3 × 3 basketball compared to 5 vs. 5 basketball. Int. J. Sport. Sci. Coach. 2020, 15, 91–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- López, F.; Arias, J. Effect of game form (5 vs. 5 and 3 vs. 3) on motor and psychological behaviours in under-11 basketball. Retos–Nuevas Tend. En Educ. Física Deporte Y Recreación 2019, 36, 354–361. [Google Scholar]
- McCormick, B.; Hannon, J.; Newton, M.; Shultz, B.; Miller, N.; Young, W. Comparison of Physical Activity in Small-Sided Basketball Games Versus Full-Sided Games. Int. J. Sport. Sci. Coach. 2012, 7, 689–697. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tallir, I.; Philippaerts, R.; Valcke, M.; Musch, E.; Lenoir, M. Learning opportunities in 3 on 3 versus 5 on 5 basketball game play: An application of nonlinear pedagogy. Int. J. Sport Psychol. 2012, 43, 420–437. [Google Scholar]
- Klusemann, M.; Pyne, D.; Foster, C.; Drinkwater, E. Optimising technical skills and physical loading in small-sided basketball games. J. Sport. Sci. 2012, 30, 1463–1471. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clemente, F.; Bredt, S.; Praça, G.; Andrade, A.; Sanchez, R.; Moleiro, C.; Lima, R. Basketball small-sided games: Effects of varying formats and using successive bouts. Kinesiology 2021, 53, 28–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clemente, F.; Conte, D.; Sanches, R.; Moleiro, C.; Gomes, M.; Lima, R. Anthropometry and fitness profile, and their relationships with technical performance and perceived effort during small-sided basketball games. Res. Sport Med. 2018, 27, 452–466. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Delextrat, A.; Martinez, A. Small-Sided Game Training Improves Aerobic Capacity and Technical Skills in Basketball Players. Int. J. Sport. Med. 2014, 34, 385–391. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Diniz, L.; Bredet, S.; Praça, G. Influence of non-scorer floater and numerical superiority on novices’ tactical behaviour and skill efficacy during basketball small sided games. Int. J. Sport. Sci. Coach. 2021, 17, 37–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Atli, H.; Koklu, Y.; Alemdaroglu, U.; Kocak, F.U. A comparison of heart rate response and frequencies of technical actions between half-court and full-court 3 a side games in high school female. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2013, 27, 352–356. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bredt, S.; Torres, J.; Diniz, L.; Praca, G.; Andrade, A.; Morales, J.; Rosso, T.; Chagas, M.H. Physical and physiological demands of basketball small-sided games: The influence of defensive and time pressures. Biol. Sport 2020, 37, 131–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanchez, J.; Carretero, M.; Valiente, J.; Gonzalo, O.; Sampaio, J.; Casamichana, D. Heart rate response and technical demands of different small-sided game formats in young female basketballers. RICYDE–Rev. Int. De Cienc. Del Deporte 2018, 14, 55–70. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ortega, E.; García-Angulo, F.J.; Giménez, J.M.; Palao, J.M. Effect of scaling basket height for young basketball players during the competition: Seeking out positive sport experiences. J. Sport. Sci. 2021, 39, 2763–2771. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Leite, N.; Leser, R.; Gonçalves, B.; Calleja, J.; Baca, A.; Sampaio, A. Effect of defensive pressure on movement behaviour during an under-18 basketball game. Int. J. Sport. Med. 2014, 35, 743–748. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McKay, A.K.; Stellingwerff, T.; Smith, E.; Martin, D.T.; Mujika, I.; Goosey-Tolfrey, V.L.; Sheppard, J.; Burke, L.M. Defining training and performance caliber: A participant classification framework. Int. J. Sport. Physiol. Perform. 2022, 17, 317–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D.G.; Prisma Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Ann. Intern. Med. 2009, 151, 264–269. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arede, J.; Esteves, P.; Ferreira, A.P.; Sampaio, J.; Leite, N. Jump higher, run faster: Effects of diversed sport participation talent identification and selection in youth basketball. J. Sport. Sci. 2019, 37, 2220–2227. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cañadas, M.; Gómez, M.A.; García-Rubio, J.; Ibáñez, S. Analysis of Training Plans in Basketball: Gender and Formation Stage Differences. J. Hum. Kinet. 2018, 62, 123–134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jayanthi, N.; Kliethermes, S.A.; Coté, J. Youth sport specialization: The need for an evidence-based definition. Br. J. Sport Med. 2019, 54, 196–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mateus, N.; Gonçalves, B.; Exel, J.; Esteves, P.; Sampaio, J. Short-term effects of adding 1-m wide to each side the basketball court on youth baskrtball players’ performance. Cuad. De Psicol. Del Deporte 2019, 20, 82–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Birrento Aguiar, R.A.; Giménez Egido, J.M.; Palao Andrés, J.M.; Ortega-Toro, E. Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical–Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review. Children 2023, 10, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020323
Birrento Aguiar RA, Giménez Egido JM, Palao Andrés JM, Ortega-Toro E. Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical–Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review. Children. 2023; 10(2):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020323
Chicago/Turabian StyleBirrento Aguiar, Ricardo André, José Maria Giménez Egido, José Manuel Palao Andrés, and Enrique Ortega-Toro. 2023. "Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical–Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review" Children 10, no. 2: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020323
APA StyleBirrento Aguiar, R. A., Giménez Egido, J. M., Palao Andrés, J. M., & Ortega-Toro, E. (2023). Influence of Rule Manipulation on Technical–Tactical Actions in Young Basketball Players: A Scoping Review. Children, 10(2), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020323