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Biomedicines
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/biomedicines13051177
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Transposable Element Is Predictive of Chemotherapy- and Immunotherapy-Related Overall Survival in Glioma

by
Bi Peng
1,†,
Fan Shen
2,†,
Ziqi Chen
1,†,
Yongkai Yu
3,
Rundong Liu
1,
Yiling Zhang
1,
Guoxian Long
1,
Guangyuan Hu
1,* and
Yuanhui Liu
1,4,*
1
Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
2
Nursing Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
3
Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
4
Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biomedicines 2025, 13(5), 1177; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051177
Submission received: 4 April 2025 / Revised: 27 April 2025 / Accepted: 8 May 2025 / Published: 12 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Glioma is the most common type of malignant brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a limited systematic treatment option for glioma, including low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM). However, not all patients benefit from TMZ and some develop resistance to it. MGMT methylation has been used to identify patients who may benefit from TMZ, but it is not effective in all cases. Objectives: There is an urgent need for new biomarkers to predict the survival of patients who receive TMZ. Methods: We utilized a recently developed method called REdiscoverTE to precisely measure the expression of transposable elements (TE). We performed Cox regression analysis to assess the predictive ability for prognosis and conducted a series of correlation studies to uncover potential mechanisms. Results: We identified three TEs, LTR81B, LTR27B, and MER39B, that were strongly predictive of longer survival in glioma patients receiving chemotherapy. We discovered that the expression of these TEs was positively associated with immune cells that enhance the immune system and negatively associated with immune cells suppressing the immune response, as well as molecules that control immune checkpoints. These three TEs were also found to predict better survival in patients receiving immunotherapy. Conclusions: In conclusion, we demonstrate that the expression of TEs can serve as a novel biomarker for the overall survival of glioma patients who receive TMZ chemotherapy or immunotherapy.
Keywords: transposable elements; overall survival; glioma transposable elements; overall survival; glioma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Peng, B.; Shen, F.; Chen, Z.; Yu, Y.; Liu, R.; Zhang, Y.; Long, G.; Hu, G.; Liu, Y. Transposable Element Is Predictive of Chemotherapy- and Immunotherapy-Related Overall Survival in Glioma. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051177

AMA Style

Peng B, Shen F, Chen Z, Yu Y, Liu R, Zhang Y, Long G, Hu G, Liu Y. Transposable Element Is Predictive of Chemotherapy- and Immunotherapy-Related Overall Survival in Glioma. Biomedicines. 2025; 13(5):1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051177

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng, Bi, Fan Shen, Ziqi Chen, Yongkai Yu, Rundong Liu, Yiling Zhang, Guoxian Long, Guangyuan Hu, and Yuanhui Liu. 2025. "Transposable Element Is Predictive of Chemotherapy- and Immunotherapy-Related Overall Survival in Glioma" Biomedicines 13, no. 5: 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051177

APA Style

Peng, B., Shen, F., Chen, Z., Yu, Y., Liu, R., Zhang, Y., Long, G., Hu, G., & Liu, Y. (2025). Transposable Element Is Predictive of Chemotherapy- and Immunotherapy-Related Overall Survival in Glioma. Biomedicines, 13(5), 1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051177

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