The Price to Pay for Being Yourself: Experiences of Microaggressions among Non-Binary and Genderqueer (NBGQ) Youth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Trans* People and Violence Experiences
1.2. Microaggressions
1.3. Additional Challenges of NBGQ People
1.3.1. Misgendering, Deadnaming, and Authenticity
1.3.2. The Role of Gender Nonconformity in Experiences with Violence
1.3.3. Epistemic Exploitation
1.4. Situation of NBGQ Youth
1.5. Impact
1.6. The Belgian Context
1.7. Research Goals
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Material
2.4. Data Analysis
- The data were transcribed and, during this process, initial notes or remarks were written down;
- Initial codes were generated using NVivo software. During this step, overarching codes were assigned deductively based on the research questions, such as “types of microaggressions”, “reaction”, “motive”, “impact”, “needs”, “coping”, and “gender expression”. Then, within these categories, descriptive codes were assigned inductively from the data to segments that were relevant to the research topic;
- Connections between codes were sought and codes were sorted into potential themes with the help of a visual thematic map;
- Themes were reviewed. Minor themes that did not have enough data to support them were scrapped, and themes were joined or broken down according to what seemed appropriate. This was reviewed by reading through the data segments within one theme to verify whether they formed a coherent pattern, and the dataset was considered as a whole to make sure the themes accurately represented the data;
- Then, the themes were defined, and we specified what each theme brought to the general analysis and in what ways they related to each other;
- Lastly, segments of the data were selected to represent and provide evidence for each theme and to explain how the themes answered the research questions.
3. Results
3.1. Experiences of Microaggressions
3.1.1. Types of Microaggressions
Abusive Language
Jokes
Offense
Sexualizing
Online
Misgendering and Deadnaming
Epistemic Exploitation
Denial as a Central Theme
3.1.2. Perceived Motive
Gender Expression
Other Motives
3.1.3. Reaction
Conversation with Aggressor
No Reaction
Dependent on Context
3.2. Impact, Needs, and Coping
3.2.1. Impact
Gender Expression
Fear
Wellbeing
Others
World View
Actions
Evolution
3.2.2. Needs
Validation
Others
3.2.3. Coping
Talking
Not Coping
Internal
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Themes | Subthemes |
---|---|
Types of microaggressions | Abusive language |
Jokes | |
Offense Sexualizing Online Misgendering and deadnaming Epistemic exploitation Denial as a central theme | |
Perceived motive | Gender expression |
Other motives | |
Reaction | Conversation with aggressor |
No reaction | |
Dependent on context |
Themes | Subthemes |
---|---|
Impact | Gender expression |
Fear | |
Wellbeing Others World view Actions Evolution | |
Needs | Validation |
Others | |
Coping | Talking |
Not coping | |
Internal |
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Arijs, Q.; Burgwal, A.; Van Wiele, J.; Motmans, J. The Price to Pay for Being Yourself: Experiences of Microaggressions among Non-Binary and Genderqueer (NBGQ) Youth. Healthcare 2023, 11, 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050742
Arijs Q, Burgwal A, Van Wiele J, Motmans J. The Price to Pay for Being Yourself: Experiences of Microaggressions among Non-Binary and Genderqueer (NBGQ) Youth. Healthcare. 2023; 11(5):742. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050742
Chicago/Turabian StyleArijs, Quinn, Aisa Burgwal, Jara Van Wiele, and Joz Motmans. 2023. "The Price to Pay for Being Yourself: Experiences of Microaggressions among Non-Binary and Genderqueer (NBGQ) Youth" Healthcare 11, no. 5: 742. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11050742