Citation Network Analysis of Nurse Staffing Research from the Past Two Decades: 2000–2022
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods Section
2.1. Design and Data Collection
2.2. Analysis
2.2.1. Citation Network Analysis
2.2.2. Analysis of Publication Trends, Authors, and Journals
3. Results
3.1. Global Publication Trends from 2000 to 2022
3.2. Analysis of Authors and Journals
3.3. The Clustered Network Map of Co-Cited References
4. Discussion
4.1. Overall Publication Trends and Leading Authors and Journals from 2000 to 2022
4.2. Cluster by Citation Network Analysis
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Number of Articles That Met the Search Query | |
---|---|
“nurse staffing” | 26,194 |
“nurse workload” | 8113 |
“nurse workforce” | 18,801 |
“nurses to patients” | 163,885 |
“nurse to patients” | 163,885 |
“nurse to patient” | 163,885 |
“nurses-to-patients” | 163,885 |
“nurse-to-patients” | 163,885 |
“nurse-to-patient” | 414 |
“patients to nurses” | 163,885 |
“patient to nurses” | 163,885 |
“patient to nurse” | 163,885 |
“patients-to-nurses” | 163,885 |
“patient-to-nurses” | 163,885 |
“patient-to-nurse” | 171 |
“nurses to beds” | 2357 |
“nurse to beds” | 2357 |
“nurse to bed” | 7235 |
“nurses-to-beds” | 7235 |
“nurse-to-beds” | 7235 |
“nurse-to-bed” | 39 |
number of nurses | 29,725 |
“nurse staffing” [Title/Abstract] | 1752 |
“nurse workload” [Title/Abstract] | 147 |
“nurse workforce” [Title/Abstract] | 280 |
“nurses to patients” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse to patients” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse to patient” [Title/Abstract] | 415 |
“nurses-to-patients” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse-to-patients” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse-to-patient” [Title/Abstract] | 415 |
“patients to nurses” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“patient to nurses” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“patient to nurse” [Title/Abstract] | 171 |
“patients-to-nurses” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“patient-to-nurses” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“patient-to-nurse” [Title/Abstract] | 171 |
“nurses to beds” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse to beds” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse to bed” [Title/Abstract] | 39 |
“nurses-to-beds” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse-to-beds” [Title/Abstract] | 0 |
“nurse-to-bed” [Title/Abstract] | 39 |
“nurse staffing” [Title/Abstract] OR “nurse workload” [Title/Abstract] OR “nurse workforce” [Title/Abstract] OR “nurse to patient” [Title/Abstract] OR “patient to nurse” [Title/Abstract] OR “nurse to bed” [Title/Abstract] | 2563 |
Cluster #1 | Cluster #2 | Cluster #3 | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TERM | TFICF | TC | CC | TF | ICF | TERM | TFICF | TC | CC | TF | ICF | TERM | TFICF | TC | CC | TF | ICF | ||
icu | 0.00171 | 652 | 4 | 0.00314 | 0.54407 | mortality | 0.00127 | 591 | 6 | 0.00344 | 0.36798 | staffing level | 0.00225 | 563 | 6 | 0.00611 | 0.36798 | ||
nursing | 0.00130 | 2575 | 11 | 0.01239 | 0.10474 | patient outcome | 0.00104 | 398 | 5 | 0.00232 | 0.44716 | level | 0.00219 | 830 | 8 | 0.00901 | 0.24304 | ||
intensive care | 0.00086 | 597 | 7 | 0.00287 | 0.30103 | hospital | 0.00103 | 2654 | 12 | 0.01545 | 0.06695 | nurse staffing level | 0.00171 | 352 | 5 | 0.00382 | 0.44716 | ||
workforce | 0.00085 | 584 | 7 | 0.00281 | 0.30103 | level | 0.00089 | 627 | 8 | 0.00365 | 0.24304 | nurse staffing | 0.00116 | 1594 | 12 | 0.01730 | 0.06695 | ||
nursing care | 0.00084 | 582 | 7 | 0.00280 | 0.30103 | patient | 0.00080 | 4249 | 13 | 0.02473 | 0.03218 | staffing | 0.00092 | 2626 | 13 | 0.02850 | 0.03218 | ||
workload | 0.00075 | 517 | 7 | 0.00249 | 0.30103 | icu | 0.00079 | 250 | 4 | 0.00145 | 0.54407 | patient outcome | 0.00084 | 174 | 5 | 0.00189 | 0.44716 | ||
intensive care unit | 0.00073 | 413 | 6 | 0.00199 | 0.36798 | fall | 0.00078 | 246 | 4 | 0.00143 | 0.54407 | outcome | 0.00078 | 493 | 10 | 0.00535 | 0.14613 | ||
care unit | 0.00069 | 479 | 7 | 0.00231 | 0.30103 | outcome | 0.00077 | 902 | 10 | 0.00525 | 0.14613 | relationship | 0.00077 | 237 | 7 | 0.00257 | 0.30103 | ||
unit | 0.00066 | 942 | 10 | 0.00453 | 0.14613 | nursing | 0.00069 | 1135 | 11 | 0.00661 | 0.10474 | nursing | 0.00076 | 665 | 11 | 0.00722 | 0.10474 | ||
level | 0.00066 | 562 | 8 | 0.00270 | 0.24304 | rate | 0.00067 | 475 | 8 | 0.00276 | 0.24304 | registered | 0.00065 | 199 | 7 | 0.00216 | 0.30103 | ||
work | 0.00063 | 679 | 9 | 0.00327 | 0.19189 | surgical | 0.00066 | 252 | 5 | 0.00147 | 0.44716 | hospital | 0.00065 | 889 | 12 | 0.00965 | 0.06695 | ||
job | 0.00062 | 429 | 7 | 0.00206 | 0.30103 | readmission | 0.00062 | 237 | 5 | 0.00138 | 0.44716 | registered nurse | 0.00064 | 195 | 7 | 0.00212 | 0.30103 | ||
environment | 0.00061 | 522 | 8 | 0.00251 | 0.24304 | unit | 0.00060 | 700 | 10 | 0.00407 | 0.14613 | california | 0.00063 | 107 | 4 | 0.00116 | 0.54407 | ||
critical care | 0.00058 | 221 | 4 | 0.00106 | 0.54407 | cost | 0.00056 | 317 | 7 | 0.00184 | 0.30103 | policy | 0.00063 | 157 | 6 | 0.00170 | 0.36798 | ||
intensive | 0.00057 | 622 | 9 | 0.00299 | 0.19189 | data | 0.00055 | 646 | 10 | 0.00376 | 0.14613 | data | 0.00060 | 377 | 10 | 0.00409 | 0.14613 | ||
work environment | 0.00056 | 261 | 5 | 0.00126 | 0.44716 | ratio | 0.00054 | 887 | 11 | 0.00516 | 0.10474 | mortality | 0.00059 | 148 | 6 | 0.00161 | 0.36798 | ||
missed | 0.00056 | 259 | 5 | 0.00125 | 0.44716 | effect | 0.00052 | 298 | 7 | 0.00173 | 0.30103 | cost | 0.00058 | 178 | 7 | 0.00193 | 0.30103 | ||
turnover | 0.00055 | 211 | 4 | 0.00102 | 0.54407 | ulcer | 0.00052 | 164 | 4 | 0.00095 | 0.54407 | staffing and patient | 0.00053 | 73 | 3 | 0.00079 | 0.66901 | ||
care | 0.00051 | 3275 | 13 | 0.01576 | 0.03218 | associated | 0.00051 | 600 | 10 | 0.00349 | 0.14613 | effect | 0.00051 | 156 | 7 | 0.00169 | 0.30103 | ||
quality | 0.00050 | 718 | 10 | 0.00346 | 0.14613 | surgery | 0.00051 | 195 | 5 | 0.00113 | 0.44716 | quality | 0.00050 | 317 | 10 | 0.00344 | 0.14613 | ||
critical | 0.00049 | 279 | 6 | 0.00134 | 0.36798 | complication | 0.00050 | 158 | 4 | 0.00092 | 0.54407 | nurse staffing and patient | 0.00049 | 68 | 3 | 0.00074 | 0.66901 | ||
infant | 0.00046 | 175 | 4 | 0.00084 | 0.54407 | workload | 0.00050 | 283 | 7 | 0.00165 | 0.30103 | unit | 0.00048 | 302 | 10 | 0.00328 | 0.14613 | ||
outcome | 0.00045 | 638 | 10 | 0.00307 | 0.14613 | risk | 0.00047 | 334 | 8 | 0.00194 | 0.24304 | research | 0.00045 | 218 | 9 | 0.00237 | 0.19189 | ||
job satisfaction | 0.00044 | 169 | 4 | 0.00081 | 0.54407 | pressure ulcer | 0.00047 | 149 | 4 | 0.00087 | 0.54407 | skill mix | 0.00045 | 93 | 5 | 0.00101 | 0.44716 | ||
data | 0.00043 | 609 | 10 | 0.00293 | 0.14613 | odds | 0.00046 | 214 | 6 | 0.00125 | 0.36798 | association | 0.00043 | 207 | 9 | 0.00225 | 0.19189 | ||
satisfaction | 0.00042 | 291 | 7 | 0.00140 | 0.30103 | hospital mortality | 0.00045 | 116 | 3 | 0.00068 | 0.66901 | evidence | 0.00043 | 205 | 9 | 0.00223 | 0.19189 | ||
registered | 0.00042 | 289 | 7 | 0.00139 | 0.30103 | lower | 0.00045 | 257 | 7 | 0.00150 | 0.30103 | safety | 0.00042 | 158 | 8 | 0.00171 | 0.24304 | ||
mortality | 0.00041 | 234 | 6 | 0.00113 | 0.36798 | staffing level | 0.00044 | 205 | 6 | 0.00119 | 0.36798 | mix | 0.00041 | 126 | 7 | 0.00137 | 0.30103 | ||
decision | 0.00035 | 163 | 5 | 0.00078 | 0.44716 | patient ratio | 0.00039 | 352 | 9 | 0.00205 | 0.19189 | model | 0.00035 | 169 | 9 | 0.00183 | 0.19189 | ||
Cluster #4 | Cluster #5 | ||||||||||||||||||
TERM | TFICF | TC | CC | TF | ICF | TERM | TFICF | TC | CC | TF | ICF | ||||||||
nursing home | 0.00728 | 647 | 5 | 0.01627 | 0.44716 | school nurse | 0.01518 | 164 | 1 | 0.01324 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
resident | 0.00433 | 385 | 5 | 0.00968 | 0.44716 | school | 0.00933 | 314 | 6 | 0.02535 | 0.36798 | ||||||||
home | 0.00418 | 684 | 8 | 0.01720 | 0.24304 | student | 0.00395 | 90 | 4 | 0.00727 | 0.54407 | ||||||||
nursing | 0.00223 | 845 | 11 | 0.02125 | 0.10474 | school nursing | 0.00305 | 33 | 1 | 0.00266 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
facility | 0.00154 | 252 | 8 | 0.00634 | 0.24304 | mental | 0.00238 | 66 | 5 | 0.00533 | 0.44716 | ||||||||
quality | 0.00127 | 345 | 10 | 0.00868 | 0.14613 | school nurse workload | 0.00231 | 25 | 1 | 0.00202 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
home resident | 0.00116 | 69 | 3 | 0.00174 | 0.66901 | mental health | 0.00206 | 57 | 5 | 0.00460 | 0.44716 | ||||||||
nursing home resident | 0.00116 | 69 | 3 | 0.00174 | 0.66901 | pmh | 0.00176 | 19 | 1 | 0.00153 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
medicare | 0.00105 | 77 | 4 | 0.00194 | 0.54407 | health | 0.00169 | 200 | 11 | 0.01615 | 0.10474 | ||||||||
level | 0.00105 | 171 | 8 | 0.00430 | 0.24304 | workforce | 0.00158 | 65 | 7 | 0.00525 | 0.30103 | ||||||||
deficiency | 0.00096 | 85 | 5 | 0.00214 | 0.44716 | school health | 0.00157 | 17 | 1 | 0.00137 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
chain | 0.00094 | 56 | 3 | 0.00141 | 0.66901 | workload | 0.00146 | 60 | 7 | 0.00484 | 0.30103 | ||||||||
medicaid | 0.00093 | 83 | 5 | 0.00209 | 0.44716 | asthma | 0.00130 | 24 | 3 | 0.00194 | 0.66901 | ||||||||
nursing facility | 0.00089 | 53 | 3 | 0.00133 | 0.66901 | epinephrine | 0.00111 | 12 | 1 | 0.00097 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
life care | 0.00087 | 41 | 2 | 0.00103 | 0.84510 | psychiatric mental | 0.00102 | 11 | 1 | 0.00089 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
registered | 0.00083 | 110 | 7 | 0.00277 | 0.30103 | psychiatric mental health | 0.00102 | 11 | 1 | 0.00089 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
registered nurse | 0.00081 | 107 | 7 | 0.00269 | 0.30103 | school setting | 0.00102 | 11 | 1 | 0.00089 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
rating | 0.00076 | 68 | 5 | 0.00171 | 0.44716 | adolescent | 0.00096 | 14 | 2 | 0.00113 | 0.84510 | ||||||||
star | 0.00072 | 43 | 3 | 0.00108 | 0.66901 | school district | 0.00093 | 10 | 1 | 0.00081 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
hprd | 0.00072 | 34 | 2 | 0.00086 | 0.84510 | school nurse staffing | 0.00093 | 10 | 1 | 0.00081 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
staffing level | 0.00069 | 75 | 6 | 0.00189 | 0.36798 | public school | 0.00093 | 10 | 1 | 0.00081 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
home quality | 0.00066 | 31 | 2 | 0.00078 | 0.84510 | school nurse workforce | 0.00093 | 10 | 1 | 0.00081 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
nursing home quality | 0.00066 | 31 | 2 | 0.00078 | 0.84510 | anaphylaxis | 0.00093 | 10 | 1 | 0.00081 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
profit | 0.00062 | 45 | 4 | 0.00113 | 0.54407 | allergy | 0.00093 | 10 | 1 | 0.00081 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
state | 0.00060 | 125 | 9 | 0.00314 | 0.19189 | hop | 0.00093 | 10 | 1 | 0.00081 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
case | 0.00058 | 77 | 7 | 0.00194 | 0.30103 | psychiatric | 0.00083 | 23 | 5 | 0.00186 | 0.44716 | ||||||||
effect | 0.00056 | 74 | 7 | 0.00186 | 0.30103 | policy | 0.00077 | 26 | 6 | 0.00210 | 0.36798 | ||||||||
relationship | 0.00055 | 73 | 7 | 0.00184 | 0.30103 | academic outcome | 0.00074 | 8 | 1 | 0.00065 | 1.14613 | ||||||||
life | 0.00045 | 60 | 7 | 0.00151 | 0.30103 | nursing | 0.00068 | 80 | 11 | 0.00646 | 0.10474 |
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Author | Number of Articles | Affiliation | Country | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Linda H. Aiken | 95 | University of Pennsylvania | USA | |
Douglas M. Sloane | 51 | University of Pennsylvania | USA | |
Peter Griffiths | 44 | University of Southampton | UK | |
Matthew D. McHugh | 36 | University of Pennsylvania | USA | |
Joanne Spetz | 27 | University of California, San Francisco | USA | |
Sean P. Clarke | 27 | McGill University, Quebec | Canada | |
Charlene Harrington | 25 | University of California, San Francisco | USA | |
Walter Sermeus | 23 | KU Leuven-University of Leuven | Belgium | |
Eileen T. Lake | 22 | University of Pennsylvania | USA | |
Christine Duffield | 21 | University of Technology Sydney/Edith Cowan University | Australia | |
Jeannie P. Cimiotti | 20 | Emory University, Georgia | USA | |
Kathleen Rice Simpson | 19 | Mercy Hospital, Missouri | USA | |
Barbara A. Mark | 19 | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | USA | |
Jane Ball | 18 | University of Southampton | UK | |
Peter I. Buerhaus | 18 | Montana State University | USA | |
Jack Needleman | 18 | University of California, Los Angeles, San Francisco | USA | |
Koen Van den Heede | 17 | KU Leuven-University of Leuven | Belgium | |
David W. Harless | 16 | Virginia Commonwealth University | USA | |
Vincent S. Staggs | 15 | University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri | USA | |
Luk Bruyneel | 13 | KU Leuven-University of Leuven | Belgium | |
Anne Marie Rafferty | 13 | King’s College London | UK |
Journal Title | Number of Articles | Journal Impact Factor in 2021 |
---|---|---|
Journal of Nursing Administration | 88 | 1.806 |
Journal of Nursing Management | 85 | 4.682 |
International Journal of Nursing Studies | 81 | 6.612 |
Journal of Advanced Nursing | 52 | 3.057 |
Nursing Economics | 49 | 1.193 |
Medical Care | 47 | 3.178 |
Health Services Research | 45 | 3.734 |
Journal of Clinical Nursing | 43 | 4.423 |
Nursing Standard | 43 | no data |
Journal of Nursing Scholarship | 33 | 3.928 |
Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice | 33 | no data |
Journal of Nursing Care Quality | 29 | 1.728 |
Health Affairs | 29 | 9.048 |
BMJ Open | 23 | 3.007 |
International Nursing Review | 23 | 3.384 |
American Journal of Nursing | 22 | 2.577 |
MCN: The American Journal of Maternal-Child Nursing | 21 | 1.753 |
Nursing Research | 19 | 2.364 |
Nursing Outlook | 19 | 3.315 |
Nursing Times | 19 | no data |
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society | 19 | 7.538 |
Modern Healthcare | 19 | no data |
Cluster Name | Keywords (TF-ICF) | Examples of Included Papers |
---|---|---|
#1 “nurse outcome research in acute care hospital” | ICU (0.00171), workforce (0.00085), nursing care (0.00084), workload (0.00075), work environment (0.00056), missed (0.00056) | [3,37] |
#2 “patient outcome research in acute care hospitals” | mortality (0.00127), patient outcome (0.00104), hospital (0.00103), patient (0.00080), fall (0.00078), outcome (0.00077) | [4,38,39] |
#3 “nurse staffing mandate evaluation research” | staffing level (0.00225), patient outcome (0.00084), hospital (0.00065), registered nurse (0.00064), California (0.00063), policy (0.00063) | [40,41,42] |
#4 “nursing home research” | nursing home (0.00728), resident (0.00433), medicare (0.00105), deficiency (0.00096), Medicaid (0.00093), nursing facility (0.00089) | [43,44,45] |
#5 “school nurse research” | school nurse (0.01518), school (0.00933), student (0.00395), mental (0.00238), school nurse workload (0.00231), asthma (0.00130) | [46,47,48] |
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Morioka, N.; Ochi, M.; Okubo, S.; Moriwaki, M.; Hayashida, K.; Sakata, I.; Kashiwagi, M. Citation Network Analysis of Nurse Staffing Research from the Past Two Decades: 2000–2022. Healthcare 2023, 11, 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233050
Morioka N, Ochi M, Okubo S, Moriwaki M, Hayashida K, Sakata I, Kashiwagi M. Citation Network Analysis of Nurse Staffing Research from the Past Two Decades: 2000–2022. Healthcare. 2023; 11(23):3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233050
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorioka, Noriko, Masanao Ochi, Suguru Okubo, Mutsuko Moriwaki, Kenshi Hayashida, Ichiro Sakata, and Masayo Kashiwagi. 2023. "Citation Network Analysis of Nurse Staffing Research from the Past Two Decades: 2000–2022" Healthcare 11, no. 23: 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233050
APA StyleMorioka, N., Ochi, M., Okubo, S., Moriwaki, M., Hayashida, K., Sakata, I., & Kashiwagi, M. (2023). Citation Network Analysis of Nurse Staffing Research from the Past Two Decades: 2000–2022. Healthcare, 11(23), 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233050