COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Hesitant to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine | Willing to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine | Total | p-Value * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
Gender | Male | 173 | 37.3 | 291 | 62.7 | 464 | 0.695 |
Female | 37 | 35.2 | 68 | 64.8 | 105 | ||
Age (years) | <20 | 31 | 45.6 | 37 | 54.4 | 68 | 0.389 |
20–29 | 106 | 34.6 | 200 | 65.4 | 306 | ||
30–39 | 34 | 33.7 | 67 | 66.3 | 101 | ||
40–49 | 27 | 45.0 | 33 | 55.0 | 60 | ||
50–59 | 10 | 37.0 | 17 | 63.0 | 27 | ||
≥60 | 2 | 28.6 | 5 | 71.4 | 7 | ||
Educational level | Middle School | 11 | 61.1 | 7 | 38.9 | 18 | 0.037 |
High School | 43 | 31.2 | 95 | 68.8 | 138 | ||
University level education | 156 | 37.8 | 257 | 62.2 | 413 | ||
Marital status | Single | 137 | 38.1 | 223 | 61.9 | 360 | 0.456 |
Married | 73 | 34.9 | 136 | 65.1 | 209 | ||
Residency | Cities | 127 | 41.4 | 180 | 58.6 | 307 | 0.017 |
Towns and islands | 83 | 31.7 | 179 | 68.3 | 262 | ||
Total | 210 | 36.9 | 359 | 63.1 | 569 |
Variables | Hesitant to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine | Willing to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine | Total | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Educational level | Middle School | n (%) | 11 (61.1) | 7 (38.9) | 18 (100) | 0.037 |
Adjusted Residual | 2.2 | −2.2 | ||||
p-value * | 0.031 | 0.031 | ||||
High School | n (%) | 43 (31.2) | 95 (68.8) | 138 (100) | ||
Adjusted Residual | −1.6 | 1.6 | ||||
p-value * | 0.108 | 0.108 | ||||
University level education | n (%) | 156 (37.8) | 257 (62.2) | 413 (100) | ||
Adjusted Residual | 0.7 | −0.7 | ||||
p-value * | 0.5 | 0.5 | ||||
Total | 210 (36.9%) | 359 (63.1%) | 569 (100%) |
Variables | Hesitant to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine | Willing to Receive COVID-19 Vaccine | Total | p-Value * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
Source of COVID-19 vaccine information | Mass media (radio/TV) | 143 | 32.4 | 298 | 67.6 | 441 | <0.001 |
Social media | 59 | 54.1 | 50 | 45.9 | 109 | ||
Family members | 3 | 25.0 | 9 | 75.0 | 12 | ||
Newspapers and magazines | 5 | 71.4 | 2 | 28.6 | 7 | ||
Do you think that you are at risk of COVID-19 infection? | Yes | 112 | 33.0 | 227 | 67.0 | 339 | 0.068 |
No | 47 | 42.7 | 63 | 57.3 | 110 | ||
Do not know | 51 | 42.5 | 69 | 57.5 | 120 | ||
Do you think that COVID-19 vaccine reduces the risk of infection? | Yes | 95 | 23.3 | 312 | 76.7 | 407 | <0.001 |
No | 29 | 82.9 | 6 | 17.1 | 35 | ||
Do not know | 86 | 67.7 | 41 | 32.3 | 127 | ||
Do you think you can protect yourself from COVID-19 infection solely through physical protective measures? | Yes | 108 | 46.6 | 124 | 53.4 | 232 | <0.001 |
No | 32 | 19.2 | 135 | 80.8 | 167 | ||
Do not know | 70 | 41.2 | 100 | 58.8 | 170 | ||
Are you concerned with the risk of COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects | Yes | 166 | 49.4 | 170 | 50.6 | 336 | <0.001 |
No | 14 | 11.7 | 106 | 88.3 | 120 | ||
Do not know | 30 | 26.5 | 83 | 73.5 | 113 | ||
Presence of chronic diseases | Yes | 38 | 42.7 | 51 | 57.3 | 89 | 0.218 |
No | 172 | 35.8 | 308 | 64.2 | 480 | ||
Previous personal infection with COVID-19 | Yes | 35 | 40.7 | 51 | 59.3 | 86 | 0.429 |
No | 175 | 36.2 | 308 | 63.8 | 483 | ||
Family members’ previous infection with COVID-19 virus | Yes | 116 | 33.5 | 230 | 66.5 | 346 | 0.037 |
No | 94 | 42.2 | 129 | 57.8 | 223 | ||
Total | 210 | 36.9 | 359 | 63.1 | 569 |
Source of COVID-19 vaccine information | Mass media | n (%) | 143 (32.4%) | 298 (67.6%) | 441 (100%) |
Adjusted Residual | −4.1 | 4.1 | |||
p value * | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Social media | n (%) | 59 (54.1%) | 50 (45.9%) | 109 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | 4.1 | −4.1 | |||
p value * | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Family members | n (%) | 3 (25.0%) | 9 (75.0%) | 12 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | −0.9 | 0.9 | |||
p value * | 0.388 | 0.388 | |||
Newspapers and magazines | n (%) | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 7 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | 1.9 | −1.9 | |||
p value * | 0.057 | 0.057 | |||
Total | n (%) | 210 (36.9%) | 359 (63.1%) | 569 (100%) | |
Do you think that COVID-19 vaccine reduces the risk of infection? | Yes | n (%) | 95 (23.3%) | 312 (76.7%) | 407 (100%) |
Adjusted Residual | −10.6 | 10.6 | |||
p Value ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
No | n (%) | 29 (82.9%) | 6 (17.1%) | 35 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | 5.8 | −5.8 | |||
p Value ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Do not Know | n (%) | 86 (67.7%) | 41 (32.3%) | 127 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | 8.2 | −8.2 | |||
p Value ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Total | n (%) | 210 (36.9%) | 359 (63.1%) | 569 (100%) | |
Do you think you can protect yourself from COVID-19 infection solely through physical protective measures? | Yes | n (%) | 108 (46.6%) | 124 (53.4%) | 232 (100%) |
Adjusted Residual | 4.0 | −4.0 | |||
p Value ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
No | n (%) | 32 (19.2%) | 135 (80.8%) | 167 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | −5.7 | 5.7 | |||
p Value ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Do not Know | n (%) | 70 (41.2%) | 100 (58.8%) | 170 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | 1.4 | −1.4 | |||
p Value ** | 0.168 | 0.168 | |||
Total | n (%) | 210 (36.9%) | 359 (63.1%) | 569 (100%) | |
Are you concerned with the risk of COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects | Yes | n (%) | 166 (49.4%) | 170 (50.6%) | 336 (100%) |
Adjusted Residual | 7.4 | −7.4 | |||
Chi-square | 55.0 | 55.0 | |||
p Value ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
No | n (%) | 14 (11.7%) | 106 (88.3%) | 120 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | −6.5 | 6.5 | |||
p Value ** | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
Do not Know | n (%) | 30 (26.5%) | 83 (73.5%) | 113 (100%) | |
Adjusted Residual | −2.5 | 2.5 | |||
p Value ** | 0.011 | 0.011 | |||
Total | n (%) | 210 (36.9%) | 359 (63.1%) | 569 (100%) |
Reasons | n | % |
---|---|---|
Afraid of vaccine side-effects | 66 | 42.6 |
The vaccine not safe | 24 | 15.5 |
Vaccine was developed in short period | 21 | 13.5 |
Suffer from chronic diseases | 14 | 9.0 |
Not enough information about vaccine safety | 7 | 4.5 |
Belief in vaccine conspiracy | 6 | 3.9 |
Scared of the vaccine injection | 6 | 3.9 |
Waiting for more evidence of the vaccine safety | 5 | 3.2 |
Prefer to follow behavioral protective measures | 3 | 1.9 |
Other reasons including pregnancy | 3 | 1.9 |
Total | 155 * | 100 |
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Almalki, M.; Sultan, M.K.; Abbas, M.; Alhazmi, A.; Hassan, Y.; Varghese, J. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare 2023, 11, 3051. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233051
Almalki M, Sultan MK, Abbas M, Alhazmi A, Hassan Y, Varghese J. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2023; 11(23):3051. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233051
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmalki, Manal, Mohammed Kotb Sultan, Mohammed Abbas, Ajiad Alhazmi, Yasser Hassan, and Joe Varghese. 2023. "COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia" Healthcare 11, no. 23: 3051. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233051
APA StyleAlmalki, M., Sultan, M. K., Abbas, M., Alhazmi, A., Hassan, Y., & Varghese, J. (2023). COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Population in Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. Healthcare, 11(23), 3051. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233051