Segmental Rib Index and Spinal Deformity: Scoliogenic Implications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Segmental Rib Index and Surface Deformity (RHD) Correlations
3.2. Segmental Rib Index and Cobb Angle Correlations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AIS | Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis |
ANS | Autonomic Nerve System |
ATR | Angle of Trunk Rotation |
ATI | Angle of Trunk Inclination |
CNS | Central Nervous System |
DRCI | Double Rib Contour Sign |
EOS | Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS) |
IS | Idiopathic Scoliosis |
LSP | Lateral Spinal Profile |
LSR | Lateral Standing Radiographs |
RC | Rib Cage |
RH | Rib Hump |
RHD | Rib Hump Deformity |
RI | Rib Index |
RVA | Rib Vertebra Angle |
SRI | Segmental Rib Index |
SSS | School Scoliosis Screening |
TA | Truncal Asymmetry |
References
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Total | Female | Male | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 83 | 63 (75.9%) | 20 (24.1%) | |
Age (years) | 12.3 ± 2.7 | 12.5 ± 2.5 | 11.5 ± 3.5 | 0.241 a |
Risser stage | 2 (4) | 2 (4) | 0 (2.8) | 0.023 b |
Cobb angle | 26.3 ± 10.8 | 27.7 ± 11.2 | 22.7 ± 7.8 | 0.068 a |
ATR | 7.6 ± 4.3 | 8.0 ± 4.4 | 7.3 ± 4.6 | 0.514 a |
Gender | Curve Type | n | Mean ± SD |
---|---|---|---|
Male | Thoracic | 6 (7.2%) | 25.4 ± 8.1 |
Thoracolumbar | 6 (7.2%) | 22.0 ± 10.4 | |
Lumbar | 8 (9.6%) | 21.1 ± 5.6 | |
Female | Thoracic | 19 (22.9%) | 29.0 ± 12.2 |
Thoracolumbar | 26 (31.3%) | 27.7 ± 9.8 | |
Lumbar | 18 (21.7%) | 26.2 ± 12.5 |
n = 83 | Pearson Correlation | p Value |
---|---|---|
T6 | 0.292 | 0.007 * |
T7 | 0.220 | 0.046 * |
T8 | 0.240 | 0.029 * |
n = 25 | Pearson Correlation | p Value |
---|---|---|
T6 | 0.432 | 0.031 * |
T7 | 0.419 | 0.037 * |
T8 | 0.520 | 0.008 * |
T9 | 0.424 | 0.034 * |
T10 | 0.491 | 0.013 * |
T11 | 0.556 | 0.004 * |
T12 | 0.485 | 0.014 * |
Female | Thoracic n = 19 | Thoracolumbar n = 26 | Lumbar n = 18 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1.30 (0.48) | 1.20 (0.43) | 1.15 (0.50) | 0.444 a |
T2 | 1.40 (0.54) | 1.67 (0.72) | 1.24 (0.71) | 0.310 a |
T3 | 1.51 (0.51) | 1.57 (0.59) | 1.38 (0.64) | 0.233 a |
T4 | 1.59 (0.58) | 1.57 (0.40) | 1.38 (0.51) | 0.201 a |
T5 | 1.67 (0.95) | 1.46 (0.35) | 1.45 (0.48) | 0.404 a |
T6 | 1.60 (0.60) | 1.42 (0.40) | 1.40 (0.42) | 0.322 a |
T7 | 1.54 (0.51) | 1.40 (0.29) | 1.39 (0.47) | 0.133 a |
T8 | 1.60 (0.50) | 1.39 (0.30) | 1.34 (0.45) | 0.054 a |
T9 | 1.73 (0.52) TL | 1.38 (0.33) | 1.42 (0.41) | 0.018 a |
T10 | 1.75 (0.57) | 1.42 (0.55) | 1.20 (0.66) | 0.052 a |
T11 | 1.43 (0.70) | 1.49 (0.50) | 1.20 (0.54) | 0.091 a |
T12 | 1.22 (0.67) | 1.41 (0.50) L | 1.11 (0.32) | 0.021 a |
Female | Thoracic vs. Thoracolumbar | Thoracic vs. Lumbar | Thoracolumbar vs. Lumbar | |
T9 | 0.011 * | - | - | |
T12 | - | - | 0.005 * |
Male | Thoracic (n = 6) | TL (n = 6) | Lumbar (n = 8) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 1.11 (0.20) | 1.18 (0.39) | 1.21 (0.49) | 0.487 a |
T2 | 1.13 (0.51) | 1.29 (0.42) | 1.32 (0.63) | 0.768 a |
T3 | 1.26 (0.58) | 1.52 (1.17) | 1.36 (0.47) | 0.691 a |
T4 | 1.26 (0.66) | 1.50 (1.13) | 1.44 (0.51) | 0.372 a |
T5 | 1.22 (0.88) | 1.50 (1.02) | 1.36 (0.62) | 0.215 a |
T6 | 1.52 (0.59) | 1.39 (0.88) | 1.26 (0.58) | 0.352 a |
T7 | 1.43 (0.35) | 1.58 (0.82) | 1.32 (0.60) | 0.331 a |
T8 | 1.47 (0.28) | 1.61 (1.01) | 1.39 (0.66) | 0.411 a |
T9 | 1.50 (0.17) | 1.61 (0.97) | 1.40 (0.59) | 0.371 a |
T10 | 1.53 (0.41) | 1.70 (0.95) | 1.41 (0.34) | 0.300 a |
T11 | 1.43 (0.66) | 1.59 (0.54) | 1.29 (0.33) | 0.219 a |
T12 | 1.19 (0.38) | 1.63 (0.90) | 1.38 (0.43) | 0.274 a |
All Patients | Age < 13 | Age > 13 | Age < 14 | Age > 14 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
r (p value) | r (p value) | r (p value) | r (p value) | r (p value) | |
Thoracic curve | n = 25 | n = 13 | n = 12 | n = 14 | n = 11 |
T8 | - | - | - | - | 0.703 (0.016) |
T9 | - | - | - | - | 0.679 (0.022) |
T10 | 0.462 (0.020) | - | - | - | 0.703 (0.016) |
T11 | 0.465 (0.019) | - | 0.587 (0.045) | - | 0.745 (0.009) |
T12 | 0.547 (0.005) | - | 0.591 (0.043) | - | - |
Thoracolumbar curve | n = 32 | n = 15 | n = 17 | n = 19 | n = 10 |
T1 | - | - | - | - | 0.642 (0.046) |
T4 | −0.388 (0.031) | −0.571 (0.026) | - | −0.623 (0.004) | - |
T6 | - | - | −0.503 (0.039) | - | - |
T7 | - | - | −0.527 (0.030) | - | - |
T8 | - | - | −0.582 (0.014) | - | - |
T9 | - | - | −0.561 (0.019) | - | - |
Lumbar curve | n = 26 | n = 10 | n = 16 | n = 10 | n = 16 |
T1 | - | −0.835 (0.010) | - | - | - |
T2 | - | −0.938 (0.001) | - | - | - |
T8 | - | - | 0.527 (0.036) | 0.613 (0.020) | - |
T9 | 0.394 (0.046) | - | 0.662 (0.005) | - | - |
T11 | - | - | 0.507 (0.045) | - | - |
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Grivas, T.B.; Jevtic, N.; Ljubojevic, D.; Pjanic, S.; Golic, F.; Vasiliadis, E. Segmental Rib Index and Spinal Deformity: Scoliogenic Implications. Healthcare 2023, 11, 3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11223004
Grivas TB, Jevtic N, Ljubojevic D, Pjanic S, Golic F, Vasiliadis E. Segmental Rib Index and Spinal Deformity: Scoliogenic Implications. Healthcare. 2023; 11(22):3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11223004
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrivas, Theodoros B., Nikola Jevtic, Danka Ljubojevic, Samra Pjanic, Filip Golic, and Elias Vasiliadis. 2023. "Segmental Rib Index and Spinal Deformity: Scoliogenic Implications" Healthcare 11, no. 22: 3004. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11223004