Abstract
This paper establishes a new type of space, modified intuitionistic fuzzy soft metric space (MIFSMS). Basic properties and topological structures are defined in the setting of this new notion with valid examples. Moreover, we have given some new results along with suitable examples to show their validity. An application for finding the solution of an integral equation is also given by utilizing our newly developed results.
MSC:
54H25; 47H10
1. Introduction
The concept of vagueness came into existence when it was difficult for the interval mathematics to solve problems with different uncertainties. To tackle with such issues, Zadeh [1] gave fuzzy sets (FS) that were very well defined by using the indicator function. Many properties and important results are given in [1] that build a new field for the researchers to explore. Thereafter, K.T. Atanassov [2] presented an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) consisting of membership and non membership functions as well.
Experiments solving issues in economics, engineering, environmental science, sociology, medical science and many other fields deal with the complex problems of modeling uncertain data. While some mathematical theories such as “probability theory, fuzzy set theory, rough set theory, vague set theory and the interval mathematics” are practical in defining uncertainty, each of these concepts has their own drawbacks. Further, in case of data containing parameters, Molodtsov [3] gave the concept of soft sets to deal with the uncertainties. Soft sets have applications in several fields including the “smoothness of functions, game theory, operations research, Riemann integration, Perron integration, probability theory and measurement theory”. Especially, it has been very well applied to soft decision making problems. Das and Samanta [4,5,6] applied the concept of soft sets to metric spaces (MS) and hence presented Soft Metric Spaces (SMS) using soft points of soft sets. Maji et al. [7] in 2001 introduced Fuzzy Soft Sets. Beaula and Gunaseli [8] applied the MS concept to Fuzzy Soft Sets and hence introduced Fuzzy Soft Metric Spaces (FSMS) using a fuzzy soft point and defined some of its characteristics. See also [9,10,11]. Saadiat et al. [12] gave a vital concept of Modified Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces (MIFMS) by availing the continuous t-representable norm.
2. Preliminaries
In the given section, denotes the universe, depicts the parameter set, represents the absolute soft set, and denotes the set consisting of all the soft points of .
Definition 1
([3]). A 2-tuple depicts a soft set on a universe χ where Ω represents the parameter set and Δ denotes the map from Ω to power set of χ, i.e., .
Definition 2
([7]). A soft set is an absolute soft set if for every .
Definition 3
([7]). A soft point is a soft set if for any and for .
Definition 4
([4,5]). A 3-tuple denotes a SMS, where is the soft metric and is the set having non-negative soft real numbers with satisfying the given assertions for all :
- (i)
- ;
- (ii)
- iff ;
- (iii)
- ;
- (iv)
- .
Definition 5
([7]). A 2-tuple over a universe χ is a fuzzy soft set, where Ω represents the parameter set and Δ is the map from Ω to which is the set having fuzzy subsets in universe χ, i.e., .
Definition 6
([8]). A 3-tuple is a soft fuzzy metric space (SFMS), where SFM on is given by map satisfying the below assertions for all and :
- (i)
- ;
- (ii)
- iff ;
- (iii)
- ;
- (iv)
- ;
- (v)
- is continuous.
Definition 7
([12]). A 3-tuple is a MIFMS, where χ is an arbitrary set, depicts the fuzzy sets from to asserting for every and , continuous t-representable norm is denoted by τ and depicts a map that satisfies the below assertions for every and :
- (i)
- ;
- (ii)
- iff ;
- (iii)
- ;
- (iv)
- ;
- (v)
- is continuous.
Here, MIFM is given as
3. Modified Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Metric Space
Definition 8
([13]). A map Θ on , represents a triangular norm if it satisfies the below assertions:
- (i)
- , for all ;
- (ii)
- , for all ;
- (iii)
- , for all ;
- (iv)
- and ⇒ , for all .
Definition 9
([13]). A continuous t-representable norm is a continuous Θ on if it implies the existence of a ⋄ on which is continuous so that
for every , .
Definition 10.
A 3-tuple is a MIFSMS, where is any set, ω and ψ are SFS, Θ denotes a t-representable norm possessing continuity and represents a map from to fulfilling the below assertions for all and :
- (i)
- ;
- (ii)
- iff ;
- (iii)
- ;
- (iv)
- ;
- (v)
- is continuous.
Then, is MIFSM on where level of closeness and non closeness between w.r.t. ϱ is depicted by the functions and respectively and metric is given as
Remark 1.
The function is increasing and the function is decreasing in a MIFSMS, for every .
Example 1.
Take a SMS and soft fuzzy sets on given as below:
for all , where and . Then, 3-tuple is a MIFSMS.
Example 2.
Consider . Define , where and . Take be soft fuzzy sets on given as
for all and . Then, 3-tuple is also a MIFSMS.
Lemma 1.
Let be MIFSMS. Then, is increasing with respect to in for every .
Definition 11.
Let be MIFSMS. possesses continuity on if
where sequence converges to .
Lemma 2.
For be a MIFSMS, then possesses continuity on .
4. Results and Discussion
Definition 12.
An open ball in a MIFSMS is depicted by having center and radius for any and is given as,
Theorem 3.
Every open ball in MIFSMS is an open set.
Proof.
Take , then , so
Since , there exists so that and .
Put .
Since , then there exists so that .
Now, for given and such that , there exist , such that , where and .
Let max and open ball .
Claim that .
Consider , then , so
Now, .
Thus, . Hence, . □
Remark 2.
The topology generated by on in MIFSMS is given as
=: for every , there exist and so that .
Theorem 4.
If is a MIFSMS, then it is a Hausdorff space.
Proof.
Given that is MIFSMS, consider be two distinct points, then
Let , and max.
For each , there exist such that .
Let max.
Consider two MIFSOBs and .
Claim that = .
Let .
which is contrary. So is a Hausdorff space. □
Definition 13.
A subset Y of in a MIFSMS is called IF-bounded if it implies the existence of and so that for each ∈ Y.
Theorem 5.
If is MIFSMS and is compact, then Y is IF-bounded.
Proof.
Consider and .
Let be an open cover of Y.
As Y is given to be compact, there exist , ,…,∈ Y such that .
Let , ∈ Y, then ∈ and ∈ for some i,j; then
Let and .
Then, .
Now,
for some .
Let and , then for all .
Hence, Y is IF-bounded. □
Theorem 6.
If is a MIFSMS and is a topology on , then if
for in .
Proof.
Take .
Consider , then there exists so that for all ; then, .
Hence, .
Conversely, let , thus for , there exists satisfying for each .
Thus, where .
Hence, . □
Definition 14.
Consider to be a MIFSMS and a sequence in , then
- 1.
- The sequence is Cauchy iff for every , which implies the existence of that satisfieswhere .
- 2.
- The sequence converges to iff for every
Definition 15.
A MIFSMS is complete iff every Cauchy sequence converges in it.
Theorem 7.
If any Cauchy sequence in MIFSMS has a subsequence that converges in it, then it is a complete space.
Proof.
Consider be any sequence which is Cauchy and be any of its subsequence converging to .
Claim that .
Take and .
Consider such that
Since sequence is given as Cauchy, there exist such that
for all .
Since , there exist positive integer such that ,
For, if , we have
Thus, and is a complete space. □
5. Fixed Point Theorems
In this section, we have extended Gregori-Sapena’s [14] and Zikic’s fixed point Theorem [15] to MIFSMS.
Definition 16.
A sequence is known as s-increasing if there exists such that
for all .
Theorem 8.
Consider be complete MIFSMS, so that for every s-increasing sequence and arbitrary , (1) holds
Consider and be any map that satisfies
for each . Then, S possesses a fixed point which is unique as well.
Proof.
Consider and let , . Thus,
By induction, we have
Consider . Now, for , take ; considering , that satisfies , we have
Considering , , we get
Now, define . It is trivial that as , thus is an s-increasing sequence. So, we have
Equations (5) and (6) implies for . Thus, sequence is Cauchy. As is complete, there exist so that . Claim that S possesses as its fixed point.
Thus, , that implies .
Uniqueness: Consider to be any other fixed point of S so that . Thus, we have
Hence, , that implies . □
Example 3.
Take and define . Take soft fuzzy sets on given as , for all , . Then, is a complete MIFSMS. Define a self map so that
Then, T satisfies Theorem 8 and possesses 0 as its unique fixed point.
Lemma 9.
If is an increasing function, then it satisfies
for all and ∏ is taken as co-norm ⋄.
Proof.
Case I Consider . Now, for , in view of the fact that G is increasing . So, , where . Hence, the proof is complete.
Case II Consider . Suppose , then
Thus, we have . Furthermore, that implies if . As G is increasing it can be verified easily that if .
Now, if , that implies the existence of so that and on repeating the above process -times, we obtain . □
Lemma 10.
If is a decreasing function, then it satisfies
for all and ∏ is taken as norm ∗.
Proof.
The above can be easily proved on the similar lines of Lemma 9. □
Lemma 11.
The sequence is a Cauchy sequence.
Proof.
Consider and , then maps G and H are increasing and decreasing, respectively, from to . Consider , then by Lemmas 9 and 10, we have
As , , so for every there exist so that . Now, if and , we have
Thus, from Equation (12), we have where . Thus, is Cauchy. □
Theorem 12.
Consider to be complete MIFSMS, so that for some and , (14) holds
Consider and that satisfies
for each . Then, S possesses a fixed point which is unique as well.
Proof.
We will be proving Theorem 12 by the above lemmas.
As is complete MIFSMS, there exists so that . Now, it can be easily proven that S possesses as its fixed point which is unique as well by the similar argument as used in Theorem 8. This completes the proof of Theorem 12. □
Example 4.
Take and define . Take soft fuzzy sets on given as , for all , . Then, is a complete MIFSMS. Define a self map so that
Then, T satisfies Theorem 12 and possesses 0 as its unique fixed point.
6. Application
Now, we are giving an application of Theorem 8 in solving integral equation.
Consider the following integral equation:
for all , where and . Consider be the space consisting of continuous functions on with the norm , where and the induced soft metric is defined as , for all . Let the MIFSM be defined as
where and . Then, is a complete MIFSMS.
Now, claim the existence of a solution of (15).
Let function K satisfy the following conditions:
- (i)
- , for all and ;
- (ii)
- There exist so thatfor all ;
- (iii)
- There exist so that .
Consider to be any s-increasing sequence, so that as , thus .
Define a self map as
then, we have
thus
Now, we have
Thus, . Therefore, every assertion of Theorem 8 holds. Hence, S possesses a fixed point which is unique as well so that , thus satisfies integral Equation (15).
7. Conclusions
We have defined basic notions of MIFSMS in this paper. Some Theorems of MIFMS have been broadened in MIFSMS. FPT’s are also proven in our new space along with an application to the integral equation.
8. Discussion
The new results and examples formulated in this work lay the foundation of new results in the future. Moreover, to prove the validity of new results, an application is given in solving the integral equation.
Author Contributions
All the authors contributed equally to the preparation of this paper. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Data Availability Statement
Data are contained within the article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank all reviewers for their useful remarks which made our paper complete and significant.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:
| MIFSMS | Modified Intuitionistic Fuzzy Soft Metric Spaces |
| FS | Fuzzy Sets |
| IFS | Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set |
| MS | Metric Space |
| SMS | Soft Metric Spaces |
| FSMS | Fuzzy Soft Metric Spaces |
| MIFMS | Modified Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces |
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