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Article

Genetic Dissection of Frost Tolerance in Winter Durum Wheat: Three Validated KASP Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection

by
Mikhail Divashuk
1,2,*,
Aleksey Ermolaev
1,
Viktoria Voronezhskaya
1,3,
Aleksey Yanovsky
4,
Varvara Korobkova
1,
Ludmila Bespalova
4,
Alexandra Mudrova
4,
Anastasiya Voropaeva
4,
Anastasia Lappo
1,
Stepan Toshchakov
2,
Mariia Samarina
1,
Anastasia Krylova
2 and
Gennady Karlov
1
1
All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow 127550, Russia
2
National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
3
School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow 141701, Russia
4
P.P. Lukyanenko National Grain Center, Krasnodar 350012, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2026, 15(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010019
Submission received: 30 October 2025 / Revised: 4 December 2025 / Accepted: 15 December 2025 / Published: 20 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Genome-Wide Studies of Complex Agronomic Traits in Crops)
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Abstract

Winter durum wheat combines the benefits of autumn sowing with high grain quality but remains poorly adapted to temperate regions due to low frost tolerance. To elucidate the genetic basis of winter hardiness and support breeding for improved cold adaptation, a segregating multi-family F2 panel (n = 270) was developed from crosses among frost-tolerant and frost-susceptible lines. GWAS identified four loci significantly associated with winter survival on chromosomes 1B, 5A, 5B, and 7B, collectively explaining 7.6–21.5% of phenotypic variance. These loci jointly improved model performance (ΔMcFadden R2 = 0.230, p-value = 4.76 × 10−17) without evidence of epistasis, indicating additive inheritance. Predicted survival increased nearly linearly with the number of favorable alleles, highlighting the potential for pyramiding through marker-assisted or genomic selection. Three significant SNPs were converted to KASP assays, providing validated molecular tools for breeding applications. Overall, the study broadens understanding of frost-tolerance genetics in winter durum wheat beyond canonical Fr regions and delivers practical markers for improving winter hardiness in breeding programs targeting continental climates.
Keywords: Triticum turgidum; GWAS; KASP; frost-resistant; durum wheat; LRT Triticum turgidum; GWAS; KASP; frost-resistant; durum wheat; LRT

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MDPI and ACS Style

Divashuk, M.; Ermolaev, A.; Voronezhskaya, V.; Yanovsky, A.; Korobkova, V.; Bespalova, L.; Mudrova, A.; Voropaeva, A.; Lappo, A.; Toshchakov, S.; et al. Genetic Dissection of Frost Tolerance in Winter Durum Wheat: Three Validated KASP Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection. Plants 2026, 15, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010019

AMA Style

Divashuk M, Ermolaev A, Voronezhskaya V, Yanovsky A, Korobkova V, Bespalova L, Mudrova A, Voropaeva A, Lappo A, Toshchakov S, et al. Genetic Dissection of Frost Tolerance in Winter Durum Wheat: Three Validated KASP Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection. Plants. 2026; 15(1):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010019

Chicago/Turabian Style

Divashuk, Mikhail, Aleksey Ermolaev, Viktoria Voronezhskaya, Aleksey Yanovsky, Varvara Korobkova, Ludmila Bespalova, Alexandra Mudrova, Anastasiya Voropaeva, Anastasia Lappo, Stepan Toshchakov, and et al. 2026. "Genetic Dissection of Frost Tolerance in Winter Durum Wheat: Three Validated KASP Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection" Plants 15, no. 1: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010019

APA Style

Divashuk, M., Ermolaev, A., Voronezhskaya, V., Yanovsky, A., Korobkova, V., Bespalova, L., Mudrova, A., Voropaeva, A., Lappo, A., Toshchakov, S., Samarina, M., Krylova, A., & Karlov, G. (2026). Genetic Dissection of Frost Tolerance in Winter Durum Wheat: Three Validated KASP Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection. Plants, 15(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010019

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