Quantifying Landscape-Scale Patterns of Temperate Forests over Time by Means of Neutral Simulation Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- How did the spatial pattern of temperate forests change over time (1954–1981–2006)?
- (2)
- Is the spatial pattern change of these forests significantly different over time?
2. Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Analysis
2.2.1. Data Preparation
2.2.2. NLM
2.2.3. LPI Calculation
2.2.4. Comparing Observed and Simulated LPI
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- allows for modeling a reliable set of maps, which adequately describe the spatial pattern of forests through time and which can be directly compared with real landscapes [56];
- (2)
- generates a set of landscape replications, which account for the most relevant information;
- (3)
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Frate, L.; Carranza, M.L. Quantifying Landscape-Scale Patterns of Temperate Forests over Time by Means of Neutral Simulation Models. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2013, 2, 94-109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010094
Frate L, Carranza ML. Quantifying Landscape-Scale Patterns of Temperate Forests over Time by Means of Neutral Simulation Models. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2013; 2(1):94-109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010094
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrate, Ludovico, and Maria Laura Carranza. 2013. "Quantifying Landscape-Scale Patterns of Temperate Forests over Time by Means of Neutral Simulation Models" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2, no. 1: 94-109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010094
APA StyleFrate, L., & Carranza, M. L. (2013). Quantifying Landscape-Scale Patterns of Temperate Forests over Time by Means of Neutral Simulation Models. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2(1), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010094