Sulfur Modifications of the Wobble U34 in tRNAs and their Intracellular Localization in Eukaryotic Cells
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Departments of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-cho, Takatsuki Osaka 569-8686, Japan
2
Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
Biomolecules 2017, 7(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom7010017
Received: 13 January 2017
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Revised: 8 February 2017
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Accepted: 8 February 2017
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Published: 18 February 2017
(This article belongs to the Collection RNA Modifications)
The wobble uridine (U34) of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for two-box codon recognition, i.e., tRNALysUUU, tRNAGluUUC, and tRNAGlnUUG, harbor a sulfur- (thio-) and a methyl-derivative structure at the second and fifth positions of U34, respectively. Both modifications are necessary to construct the proper anticodon loop structure and to enable them to exert their functions in translation. Thio-modification of U34 (s2U34) is found in both cytosolic tRNAs (cy-tRNAs) and mitochondrial tRNAs (mt-tRNAs). Although l-cysteine desulfurase is required in both cases, subsequent sulfur transfer pathways to cy-tRNAs and mt-tRNAs are different due to their distinct intracellular locations. The s2U34 formation in cy-tRNAs involves a sulfur delivery system required for the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters and certain resultant Fe/S proteins. This review addresses presumed sulfur delivery pathways for the s2U34 formation in distinct intracellular locations, especially that for cy-tRNAs in comparison with that for mt-tRNAs.
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Keywords:
the wobble uridine (U34); thio-modification of U34 (s2U34); iron-sulfur (Fe/S); cluster; cytosolic tRNA (cy-tRNA); mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA)
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MDPI and ACS Style
Nakai, Y.; Nakai, M.; Yano, T. Sulfur Modifications of the Wobble U34 in tRNAs and their Intracellular Localization in Eukaryotic Cells. Biomolecules 2017, 7, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom7010017
AMA Style
Nakai Y, Nakai M, Yano T. Sulfur Modifications of the Wobble U34 in tRNAs and their Intracellular Localization in Eukaryotic Cells. Biomolecules. 2017; 7(1):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom7010017
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakai, Yumi, Masato Nakai, and Takato Yano. 2017. "Sulfur Modifications of the Wobble U34 in tRNAs and their Intracellular Localization in Eukaryotic Cells" Biomolecules 7, no. 1: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom7010017
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