Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Roles of Abscisic Acid and Polyphenols in Adaptation of Onobrychis viciifolia to Extreme Environmental Conditions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Total RNA Extraction, and Construction and Sequencing of mRNA Libraries
2.3. Transcriptome Sequencing Data Processing and Analysis
2.4. Identification and Functional Annotation of DEGs
2.5. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. RT-qPCR
2.7. Determination of the Contents of Total Flavonoids, Total Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoid Compounds
3. Results
3.1. Transcriptome Profiling of O. viciifolia Grown under Two Different Natural Environmental Conditions
3.2. Annotation of Assembled Unigenes
3.3. DEGs from O. viciifolia Plants Grown at Different Altitudes
3.4. Functional Enrichment Analysis of DEGs
3.5. Global Environmental Stress Responses Revealed by MapMan Analysis
3.6. Responses of DEGs Involved in Phytohormone Pathways
3.7. Responses of DEGs Encoding TFs
3.8. Quantitative Analyses of Flavonoids and Anthocyanins
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Content | Total | TD-1 | TD-2 | TD-3 | MH-1 | MH-2 | MH-3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total raw reads | 57,014,250 | 44,392,764 | 81,922,056 | 69,023,986 | 53,001,304 | 44,778,542 | 48,966,846 |
Total clean reads | 55,645,070 | 43,177,362 | 79,839,438 | 67,258,662 | 51,867,538 | 43,809,044 | 47,918,378 |
GC percentage (%) | 43.25% | 43.43% | 44.07% | 44.08% | 43.67% | 43.94% | |
Clean reads Q20 (%) | 97.51% | 97.66% | 97.66% | 97.76% | 97.76% | 97.80% | |
Clean reads Q30 (%) | 93.59% | 93.95% | 93.95% | 94.09% | 94.14% | 94.22% | |
Clean reads (%) | 97.26% | 97.46% | 97.44% | 97.86% | 97.83% | 97.86% | |
Total mapped reads (%) | 88.04% | 88.71% | 89.16% | 89.54% | 88.91% | 89.33% | |
Total expressed genes | 74,791 | 64,331 | 62,887 | 59,219 | 56,903 | 60,218 | 60,218 |
Total transcripts | 218,482 | ||||||
Total unigenes | 74,791 | ||||||
N50 (bp) | 1458 | ||||||
Mean length of unigenes (bp) | 820 |
Annotated Database | Number of Unigenes | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Annotated in Nr | 43,717 | 58.45 |
Annotated in SwissPort | 32,973 | 44.09 |
Annotated in KOG | 24,841 | 33.21 |
Annotated in KEGG | 16,305 | 21.80 |
Annotated in all databases | 46,508 | 62.18 |
All assembled unigenes | 74,791 | 100 |
Species | Number of Matched Unigenes | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Medicago truncatula | 11,592 | 24.92% |
Cicer arietinum | 9758 | 20.98% |
Glycine max | 3553 | 7.64% |
Cajanus cajan | 3358 | 7.22% |
Glycine soja | 1733 | 3.73% |
Vigna angularis | 1113 | 3.39% |
Vigna radiata | 1109 | 2.38% |
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Yin, H.; Zhou, H.; Wang, W.; Tran, L.-S.P.; Zhang, B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Roles of Abscisic Acid and Polyphenols in Adaptation of Onobrychis viciifolia to Extreme Environmental Conditions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060967
Yin H, Zhou H, Wang W, Tran L-SP, Zhang B. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Roles of Abscisic Acid and Polyphenols in Adaptation of Onobrychis viciifolia to Extreme Environmental Conditions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(6):967. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060967
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Hengxia, Huakun Zhou, Wenying Wang, Lam-Son Phan Tran, and Benyin Zhang. 2020. "Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Roles of Abscisic Acid and Polyphenols in Adaptation of Onobrychis viciifolia to Extreme Environmental Conditions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau" Biomolecules 10, no. 6: 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060967
APA StyleYin, H., Zhou, H., Wang, W., Tran, L.-S. P., & Zhang, B. (2020). Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Roles of Abscisic Acid and Polyphenols in Adaptation of Onobrychis viciifolia to Extreme Environmental Conditions in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Biomolecules, 10(6), 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10060967