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Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/diseases13050162
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Case Report

An Unusual Case of Essential Thrombocythemia and Acute Kidney Injury: Case Report and Literature Review

by
Celia Rodríguez Tudero
1,2,
Alberto Martín Arribas
1,
Patricia Antúnez Plaza
3,
José C. De La Flor
4,5,6,*,
Alexandra Lizarazo Suárez
1 and
María Pilar Fraile Gómez
1
1
Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
2
Surgery Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
3
Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
4
Department of Nephrology, Hospital Central Defense Gomez Ulla, 280467 Madrid, Spain
5
Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Alcala University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
6
Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Alcala University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diseases 2025, 13(5), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050162
Submission received: 5 April 2025 / Revised: 16 May 2025 / Accepted: 20 May 2025 / Published: 21 May 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of megakaryocytes and sustained thrombocytosis. Although its impact on renal function is not well established, a few case reports have described glomerular involvement and associated kidney impairment. Case Report: We present the case of a 79-year-old man with ET and stage 3b/A2 chronic kidney disease (CKD), who was admitted with severe acute kidney injury (AKI). This episode was associated with a progressive rise in platelet count, reaching 1,350,000/μL after discontinuation of anagrelide and loop diuretics. Renal biopsy (RB) revealed structural lesions compatible with a myeloproliferative neoplasm, including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), glomerulomegaly, and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea and corticosteroids was initiated, resulting in improvement of renal function and achievement of complete hematologic remission. Discussion: During follow-up, a linear correlation was observed between increasing platelet counts and declining renal function, underscoring the need for dynamic therapeutic adjustment and close monitoring to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of nephrological evaluation in patients with ET and supports the role of cytoreductive therapy in managing ET-associated renal complications.
Keywords: essential thrombocythemia (ET); acute kidney injury (AKI); myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) essential thrombocythemia (ET); acute kidney injury (AKI); myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rodríguez Tudero, C.; Martín Arribas, A.; Antúnez Plaza, P.; De La Flor, J.C.; Lizarazo Suárez, A.; Gómez, M.P.F. An Unusual Case of Essential Thrombocythemia and Acute Kidney Injury: Case Report and Literature Review. Diseases 2025, 13, 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050162

AMA Style

Rodríguez Tudero C, Martín Arribas A, Antúnez Plaza P, De La Flor JC, Lizarazo Suárez A, Gómez MPF. An Unusual Case of Essential Thrombocythemia and Acute Kidney Injury: Case Report and Literature Review. Diseases. 2025; 13(5):162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050162

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodríguez Tudero, Celia, Alberto Martín Arribas, Patricia Antúnez Plaza, José C. De La Flor, Alexandra Lizarazo Suárez, and María Pilar Fraile Gómez. 2025. "An Unusual Case of Essential Thrombocythemia and Acute Kidney Injury: Case Report and Literature Review" Diseases 13, no. 5: 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050162

APA Style

Rodríguez Tudero, C., Martín Arribas, A., Antúnez Plaza, P., De La Flor, J. C., Lizarazo Suárez, A., & Gómez, M. P. F. (2025). An Unusual Case of Essential Thrombocythemia and Acute Kidney Injury: Case Report and Literature Review. Diseases, 13(5), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050162

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