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Article

Oscillation Mechanism of SRF-PLL in Wind Power Systems Under Voltage Sags and Improper Control Parameters

1
School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2
Ming Yang Smart Energy Group Limited, Zhongshan 528437, China
3
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(15), 3100; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153100 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 July 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 1 August 2025 / Published: 3 August 2025

Abstract

The synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) is widely employed for grid synchronization in wind farms. However, it may exhibit oscillations under voltage sags or improper parameter settings. These oscillations may compromise the secure integration of large-scale wind power. Therefore, mitigating the oscillations of the SRF-PLL is crucial for ensuring stable and reliable operation. To this end, this paper investigates the underlying oscillation mechanism of the SRF-PLL from local and global perspectives. By taking into account the grid voltage and control parameters, it is revealed that oscillations of the SRF-PLL can be triggered by grid voltage sags and/or the improper control parameters. More specifically, from the local perspective, the SRF-PLL exhibits distinct qualitative behaviors around its stable equilibrium points under different grid voltage amplitudes. As a result, when grid voltage sags occur, the SRF-PLL may exhibit multiple oscillation modes and experience a prolonged transient response. Furthermore, from the global viewpoint, the large-signal analysis reveals that the SRF-PLL has infinitely many asymmetrical convergence regions. However, the sizes of these asymmetrical convergence regions shrink significantly under low grid voltage amplitude and/or small control parameters. In this case, even if the parameters in the small-signal model of the SRF-PLL are well-designed, a small disturbance can shift the operating point into other regions, resulting in undesirable oscillations and a sluggish dynamic response. The validity of the theoretical analysis is further supported by experimental verification.
Keywords: undesirable oscillations; grid synchronization; synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop undesirable oscillations; grid synchronization; synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, G.; Dai, Z.; Sun, Q.; Lv, S.; Lu, N.; Ma, J. Oscillation Mechanism of SRF-PLL in Wind Power Systems Under Voltage Sags and Improper Control Parameters. Electronics 2025, 14, 3100. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153100

AMA Style

Wang G, Dai Z, Sun Q, Lv S, Lu N, Ma J. Oscillation Mechanism of SRF-PLL in Wind Power Systems Under Voltage Sags and Improper Control Parameters. Electronics. 2025; 14(15):3100. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153100

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Guoqing, Zhiyong Dai, Qitao Sun, Shuaishuai Lv, Nana Lu, and Jinke Ma. 2025. "Oscillation Mechanism of SRF-PLL in Wind Power Systems Under Voltage Sags and Improper Control Parameters" Electronics 14, no. 15: 3100. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153100

APA Style

Wang, G., Dai, Z., Sun, Q., Lv, S., Lu, N., & Ma, J. (2025). Oscillation Mechanism of SRF-PLL in Wind Power Systems Under Voltage Sags and Improper Control Parameters. Electronics, 14(15), 3100. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153100

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