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Biosensors
Volume 15
Issue 5
10.3390/bios15050320
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

MIP-Modified Porous Silicon Optical Sensor for Interleukin-6 Label-Free Quantification

by
Valeria Nocerino
1,2,†,
Giulia Siciliano
3,†,
Monica Bianco
3,
Ilaria Rea
1,
Principia Dardano
1,
Maria Serena Chiriacò
3,
Francesco Ferrara
3,
Giuseppe Gigli
3,
Elisabetta Primiceri
3,* and
Luca De Stefano
1,*
1
Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
2
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
3
Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec), Via Per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Biosensors 2025, 15(5), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050320 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 31 March 2025 / Revised: 8 May 2025 / Accepted: 15 May 2025 / Published: 17 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In this study, we present an innovative optical biosensor designed to detect Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pivotal cytokine implicated in many pathological conditions. Our sensing platform is made of a porous silicon (PSi) nanostructured substrate modified with a thin (~5 nm) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), ensuring both high specificity and sensitivity toward IL-6 molecules. The fabrication process involves electrochemical etching of silicon chips to create the porous structure, followed by the electrodeposition of the MIP, which is tailored to selectively bind the IL-6 target. Extensive testing over a broad IL-6 concentration range demonstrates a clear, proportional optical response, yielding a limit of detection (LOD) of 13 nM. Moreover, the biosensor robustness was verified by evaluating its performance in bovine serum, a complex biological matrix. Despite the presence of various interfering components, the sensor maintained its selectivity and displayed minimal matrix effects, underlining its practical applicability in real-world diagnostic scenarios.
Keywords: MIP; porous silicon; optical sensors; Interleukin-6 MIP; porous silicon; optical sensors; Interleukin-6

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nocerino, V.; Siciliano, G.; Bianco, M.; Rea, I.; Dardano, P.; Chiriacò, M.S.; Ferrara, F.; Gigli, G.; Primiceri, E.; De Stefano, L. MIP-Modified Porous Silicon Optical Sensor for Interleukin-6 Label-Free Quantification. Biosensors 2025, 15, 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050320

AMA Style

Nocerino V, Siciliano G, Bianco M, Rea I, Dardano P, Chiriacò MS, Ferrara F, Gigli G, Primiceri E, De Stefano L. MIP-Modified Porous Silicon Optical Sensor for Interleukin-6 Label-Free Quantification. Biosensors. 2025; 15(5):320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050320

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nocerino, Valeria, Giulia Siciliano, Monica Bianco, Ilaria Rea, Principia Dardano, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Francesco Ferrara, Giuseppe Gigli, Elisabetta Primiceri, and Luca De Stefano. 2025. "MIP-Modified Porous Silicon Optical Sensor for Interleukin-6 Label-Free Quantification" Biosensors 15, no. 5: 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050320

APA Style

Nocerino, V., Siciliano, G., Bianco, M., Rea, I., Dardano, P., Chiriacò, M. S., Ferrara, F., Gigli, G., Primiceri, E., & De Stefano, L. (2025). MIP-Modified Porous Silicon Optical Sensor for Interleukin-6 Label-Free Quantification. Biosensors, 15(5), 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15050320

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