Synergistic Effect of Hybridized Cellulose Nanocrystals and Organically Modified Montmorillonite on κ-Carrageenan Bionanocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Cellulose Nanocrystals’ Isolation from Kenaf Fibers
2.3. Biocomposite Film Preparation κ-Carrageenan
2.4. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Properties
3.1.1. κ-carr/CNC and κ-carr/OMMT Bionanocomposite Films
3.1.2. Hybrid κ-carr/CNCs/OMMT Bionanocomposite Films
3.2. X-ray Diffraction Studies of the Bionanocomposite Thin Films
3.3. Morphological Characterization
3.3.1. Transmission Electron Microscopy of Cellulose Nanoparticles
3.3.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Bionanocomposites
3.3.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Bionanocomposite
3.4. Photographic Images of Bionanocomposites
3.5. Water Uptake of Bionanocomposites
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zakuwan, S.Z.; Ahmad, I. Synergistic Effect of Hybridized Cellulose Nanocrystals and Organically Modified Montmorillonite on κ-Carrageenan Bionanocomposites. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8110874
Zakuwan SZ, Ahmad I. Synergistic Effect of Hybridized Cellulose Nanocrystals and Organically Modified Montmorillonite on κ-Carrageenan Bionanocomposites. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(11):874. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8110874
Chicago/Turabian StyleZakuwan, Siti Zarina, and Ishak Ahmad. 2018. "Synergistic Effect of Hybridized Cellulose Nanocrystals and Organically Modified Montmorillonite on κ-Carrageenan Bionanocomposites" Nanomaterials 8, no. 11: 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8110874