Next Article in Journal
Tell Us What You Really Think: A Think Aloud Protocol Analysis of the Verbal Cognitive Reflection Test
Next Article in Special Issue
Knowledge Representations: Individual Differences in Novel Problem Solving
Previous Article in Journal
Alpha ERS-ERD Pattern during Divergent and Convergent Thinking Depends on Individual Differences on Metacontrol
Previous Article in Special Issue
Faster ≠ Smarter: Children with Higher Levels of Ability Take Longer to Give Incorrect Answers, Especially When the Task Matches Their Ability
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Eye Gaze Patterns during Reasoning Provide Insights Regarding Individual Differences in Underlying Cognitive Abilities

by
Paulo Guirro Laurence
1,*,
Tatiana Abrão Jana
2,
Silvia A. Bunge
3,4 and
Elizeu C. Macedo
1
1
Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo 01241-001, Brazil
2
Psychiatry Program, Psychiatry Institute, Medicine School of São Paulo University, São Paulo 05403-903, Brazil
3
Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
4
Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Intell. 2023, 11(4), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11040075
Submission received: 28 December 2022 / Revised: 14 March 2023 / Accepted: 13 April 2023 / Published: 20 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Differential Psychology and Individual Differences in Intelligence)

Abstract

Sequences of eye movements during performance of a reasoning task has provided insights into the strategies individuals use to solve that specific task; however, prior studies have not examined whether eye gaze metrics reflect cognitive abilities in a way that transcends a specific task. Thus, our study aimed to explore the relationship between eye movement sequences and other behavioral measures. Here, we present two studies that related different eye gaze metrics in a matrix reasoning task with performance on a different test of fluid reasoning and tests of planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, we related gaze metrics to self-reported executive functioning in daily life, as measured by BRIEF-A. To perform this, we classified the participants’ eye gaze in each item of the matrices test using an algorithm and then used LASSO regression models with the cognitive abilities as the dependent variable to select eye-tracking metrics to predict it. Overall, specific and distinct eye gaze metrics predicted 57% variance in the fluid reasoning scores; 17% variance in the planning scores; and 18% variance in the working memory scores. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the selected eye-tracking metrics reflect cognitive abilities that transcend specific tasks.
Keywords: working memory; planning; executive functions; fluid intelligence; eye tracking working memory; planning; executive functions; fluid intelligence; eye tracking

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Laurence, P.G.; Jana, T.A.; Bunge, S.A.; Macedo, E.C. Eye Gaze Patterns during Reasoning Provide Insights Regarding Individual Differences in Underlying Cognitive Abilities. J. Intell. 2023, 11, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11040075

AMA Style

Laurence PG, Jana TA, Bunge SA, Macedo EC. Eye Gaze Patterns during Reasoning Provide Insights Regarding Individual Differences in Underlying Cognitive Abilities. Journal of Intelligence. 2023; 11(4):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11040075

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurence, Paulo Guirro, Tatiana Abrão Jana, Silvia A. Bunge, and Elizeu C. Macedo. 2023. "Eye Gaze Patterns during Reasoning Provide Insights Regarding Individual Differences in Underlying Cognitive Abilities" Journal of Intelligence 11, no. 4: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11040075

APA Style

Laurence, P. G., Jana, T. A., Bunge, S. A., & Macedo, E. C. (2023). Eye Gaze Patterns during Reasoning Provide Insights Regarding Individual Differences in Underlying Cognitive Abilities. Journal of Intelligence, 11(4), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11040075

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop