“Every Sinner Has a Future”: Religiosity, Future Orientation, Self-Control, and Marijuana Use
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Religion and Self-Control
2.2. Religion and Future Orientation
2.3. Self-Control and Future Orientation
2.4. Current Study
3. Methods
3.1. Data
3.2. Dependent Variable
3.3. Religiosity
3.4. Future Orientation
3.5. Self-Control
3.6. Control Variables
3.7. Analytic Strategy
4. Results
4.1. Future Orientation
4.2. Self-Control
4.3. Marijuana Use
5. Discussion
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
1 | Supplemental analysis suggests that religious service attendance and importance of religion have significant effects on self-control when substance-using peers are not included in the model. Therefore, the effect of religious service attendance and importance of religion on self-control may be indirect through substance-using peers. Religious adolescents are less likely to have friends who use drugs and alcohol, friends who may have low self-control themselves, which helps them to maintain their own high levels of self-control, perhaps because they are not exposed to tempting situations that would require them to exhaust their self-control as much as adolescents with substance-using friends. |
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Sex (female = 1) | 0.209 (0.044) ** |
Age | 0.049 (0.025) * |
White | −0.027 (0.096) |
Black | 0.123 (0.127) |
Hispanic | −0.035 (0.120) |
Diploma | 0.097 (0.066) |
Close to Mother | 0.113 (0.024) ** |
Close to Father | 0.057 (0.023) * |
Substance Using Peers | 0.014 (0.013) |
Evangelical Protestant | 0.178 (0.090) * |
Mainline Protestant | 0.091 (0.101) |
Black Protestant | 0.229 (0.145) |
Catholic | 0.083 (0.082) |
Jewish | 0.120 (0.119) |
LDS | 0.128 (0.167) |
Other Religion | 0.285 (0.172) |
Indeterminate | 0.041 (0.088) |
Religious Attendance | −0.014 (0.014) |
Importance of Religion | 0.102 (0.025) ** |
Very Spiritual | 0.012 (0.073) |
Somewhat Spiritual | −0.025 (0.047) |
R-Square | 0.102 |
N | 1807 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | |
---|---|---|
Sex (female = 1) | 0.142 (0.032) ** | 0.152 (0.032) ** |
Age | 0.049 (0.018) ** | 0.051 (0.018) ** |
White | −0.055 (0.069) | −0.057 (0.069) |
Black | −0.013 (0.092) | −0.008 (0.092) |
Hispanic | −0.139 (0.087) | −0.140 (0.087) |
Diploma | −0.049 (0.047) | −0.045 (0.047) |
Close to Mother | −0.022 (0.018) | −0.017 (0.018) |
Close to Father | 0.031 (0.017) | 0.033 (0.017) * |
Substance Using Peers | −0.055 (0.009) ** | −0.055 (0.009) ** |
Evangelical Protestant | 0.045 (0.065) | 0.053 (0.065) |
Mainline Protestant | 0.075 (0.073) | 0.079 (0.073) |
Black Protestant | −0.052 (0.105) | −0.042 (0.105) |
Catholic | 0.055 (0.060) | 0.059 (0.059) |
Jewish | 0.052 (0.086) | 0.057 (0.086) |
LDS | 0.060 (0.120) | 0.066 (0.120) |
Other Religion | 0.289 (0.124) | 0.302 (0.124) * |
Indeterminate | 0.026 (0.064) | 0.028 (0.064) |
Religious Attendance | −0.002 (0.010) | −0.003 (0.010) |
Importance of Religion | 0.026 (0.018) | 0.030 (0.018) |
Very Spiritual | −0.186 (0.053) ** | −0.186 (0.053) ** |
Somewhat Spiritual | −0.076 (0.034) * | −0.077 (0.034) * |
Future Orientation | −0.044 (0.017) ** | |
R-Square | 0.064 | 0.064 |
N | 1801 | 1801 |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (female = 1) | −0.202 (0.065) ** | −0.186 (0.065) ** | −0.181 (0.065) ** | −0.163 (0.066) * |
Age | −0.022 (0.037) | −0.018 (0.037) | −0.015 (0.037) | −0.011 (0.037) |
White | 0.149 (0.142) | 0.147 (0.142) | 0.141 (0.142) | 0.139 (0.142) |
Black | 0.198 (0.189) | 0.208 (0.188) | 0.214 (0.189) | 0.224 (0.189) |
Hispanic | 0.086 (0.178) | 0.082 (0.178) | 0.063 (0.178) | 0.058 (0.178) |
Diploma | 0.017 (0.098) | 0.024 (0.098) | 0.013 (0.098) | 0.021 (0.098) |
Close to Mother | 0.004 (0.036) | 0.014 (0.036) | 0.003 (0.036) | 0.013 (0.036) |
Close to Father | −0.114 (0.035) ** | −0.110 (0.035) ** | −0.111 (0.035) ** | −0.106 (0.035) ** |
Delinquent Peers | 0.390 (0.019) ** | 0.392 (0.019) ** | 0.383 (0.019) ** | 0.384 (0.019) ** |
Evangelical Protestant | −0.066 (0.134) | −0.051 (0.134) | −0.068 (0.134) | −0.051 (0.134) |
Mainline Protestant | −0.169 (0.151) | −0.162 (0.150) | −0.166 (0.151) | −0.157 (0.150) |
Black Protestant | 0.137 (0.215) | 0.156 (0.215) | 0.106 (0.215) | 0.128 (0.215) |
Catholic | −0.131 (0.122) | −0.123 (0.122) | −0.127 (0.122) | −0.119 (0.122) |
Jewish | −0.166 (0.176) | −0.156 (0.176) | −0.164 (0.176) | −0.152 (0.176) |
LDS | −0.145 (0.247) | −0.134 (0.247) | −0.142 (0.247) | −0.129 (0.247) |
Other Religion | −0.141 (0.256) | −0.118 (0.256) | −0.107 (0.256) | −0.079 (0.256) |
Indeterminate | −0.107 (0.131) | −0.102 (0.131 | −0.104 (0.131) | −0.099 (0.131) |
Religious Attendance | −0.087 (0.021) ** | −0.088 (0.021) ** | −0.085 (0.021) ** | −0.086 (0.021) ** |
Importance of Religion | 0.045 (0.038) | 0.053 (0.038) | 0.047 (0.038) | 0.056 (0.038) |
Very Spiritual | 0.377 (0.109) ** | 0.377 (0.109) ** | 0.356 (0.110) ** | 0.355 (0.109) ** |
Somewhat Spiritual | 0.038 (0.070) | 0.036 (0.070) | 0.031 (0.070) | 0.028 (0.070) |
Future Orientation | −0.080 (0.035) ** | −0.085 (0.035) * | ||
Self-control | −0.148 (0.049) ** | −0.155 (0.049) ** | ||
R-Square | 0.270 | 0.272 | 0.274 | 0.277 |
N | 1803 | 1802 | 1796 | 1796 |
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Desmond, S.A. “Every Sinner Has a Future”: Religiosity, Future Orientation, Self-Control, and Marijuana Use. Religions 2022, 13, 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020168
Desmond SA. “Every Sinner Has a Future”: Religiosity, Future Orientation, Self-Control, and Marijuana Use. Religions. 2022; 13(2):168. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020168
Chicago/Turabian StyleDesmond, Scott A. 2022. "“Every Sinner Has a Future”: Religiosity, Future Orientation, Self-Control, and Marijuana Use" Religions 13, no. 2: 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020168
APA StyleDesmond, S. A. (2022). “Every Sinner Has a Future”: Religiosity, Future Orientation, Self-Control, and Marijuana Use. Religions, 13(2), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13020168