Study on the Detection Model of Tea Red Scab Severity Class Using Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

Tea red scab, a contagious disease affecting tea plants, can infect both buds and mature leaves. This study developed discrimination models to assess the severity of this disease using RGB and hyperspectral images. The models were constructed from a total of 1188 samples collected in May 2024. The results demonstrated that the model based on hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) data significantly outperformed the RGB-based model. Four spectral preprocessing methods were applied, among which the combination of SNV, SG, and FD (SNV-SG-FD) proved to be the most effective. To better capture long-range dependencies among spectral bands, a hybrid architecture integrating a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), termed CNN-GRU, was proposed. This hybrid model was compared against standalone CNN and GRU benchmarks. The hyperparameters of the CNN-GRU model were optimized using the Newton-Raphson-based optimizer (NRBO) algorithm. The proposed NRBO-optimized SNV-SG-FD-CNN-GRU model achieved superior performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F₁-score reaching 92.94%, 92.54%, 92.42%, and 92.43%, respectively. Significant improvements were observed across all evaluation metrics compared to the single-model alternatives, confirming the effectiveness of both the hybrid architecture and the optimization strategy.