2017 ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Classification and Cardiovascular Disease in 15 Million Adults of Age 20–94 Years
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Health Examination and Variables
2.4. Outcomes
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Primary Analysis
3.3. Endpoint-Specific Analyses
3.4. Sensitivity Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Age Group, Years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 20–34 | 35–49 | 50–64 | 65–79 | 80–94 | |
(N = 15,508,537) | (N = 4,140,675) | (N = 5,894,433) | (N = 3,915,368) | (N = 1,466,247) | (N = 91,814) | |
Age, years | 44 [34–55] | 28 [25–31] | 43 [39–46] | 56 [53–60] | 69 [67–73] | 83 [81–85] |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 7,165,020 (46.2) | 1,769,331 (42.7) | 2,564,502 (43.5) | 1,976,191 (50.5) | 801,412 (54.7) | 53,584 (58.4) |
Male | 8,343,517 (53.8) | 2,371,344 (57.3) | 3,329,931 (56.5) | 1,939,177 (49.5) | 664,835 (45.3) | 38,230 (41.6) |
Blood pressure group | ||||||
Normal | 5,232,831 (33.7) | 1,941,381 (46.9) | 2,192,925 (37.2) | 897,269 (22.9) | 192,162 (13.1) | 9094 (9.9) |
Elevated | 1,470,085 (9.5) | 458,756 (11.1) | 595,950 (10.1) | 319,636 (8.2) | 91,396 (6.2) | 4347 (4.7) |
Stage 1 hypertension | 4,720,627 (30.4) | 1,378,744 (33.3) | 1,934,551 (32.8) | 1,077,967 (27.5) | 311,521 (21.2) | 17,844 (19.4) |
Stage 2 hypertension | 2,036,741 (13.1) | 326,148 (7.9) | 751,548 (12.8) | 653,436 (16.7) | 283,209 (19.3) | 22,400 (24.4) |
Taking antihypertensive medication | 2,048,253 (13.2) | 35,646 (0.9) | 419,459 (7.1) | 967,060 (24.7) | 587,959 (40.1) | 38,129 (41.5) |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 123.00 ± 16.26 | 117.53 ± 13.27 | 121.20 ± 15.04 | 127.35 ± 16.93 | 133.20 ± 18.29 | 136.61 ± 20.01 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.87 ± 10.67 | 73.83 ± 9.49 | 76.61 ± 10.64 | 79.22 ± 10.82 | 80.00 ± 10.98 | 80.64 ± 11.79 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.53 ± 3.19 | 22.62 ± 3.48 | 23.74 ± 3.00 | 24.17 ± 2.93 | 23.63 ± 3.19 | 22.21 ± 3.27 |
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 95.47 ± 25.35 | 88.77 ± 16.47 | 95.06 ± 24.09 | 100.32 ± 29.53 | 102.56 ± 32.34 | 104.44 ± 34.86 |
Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 193.34 ± 36.95 | 181.48 ± 33.68 | 193.90 ± 35.66 | 202.52 ± 37.92 | 199.87 ± 39.06 | 195.98 ± 39.13 |
Taking glucose-lowering drugs | 639,191 (4.1) | 10,727 (0.3) | 134,446 (2.3) | 310,267 (7.9) | 176,360 (12.0) | 7391 (8.0) |
Taking lipid-lowering drugs | 653,191 (4.2) | 19,462 (0.5) | 162,284 (2.8) | 332,781 (8.5) | 134,869 (9.2) | 3795 (4.1) |
Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
0 | 11,629,129 (75.0) | 3,565,562 (86.1) | 4,604,440 (78.1) | 2,577,345 (65.8) | 828,215 (56.5) | 53,567 (58.3) |
1 | 2,018,515 (13.0) | 349,103 (8.4) | 664,598 (11.3) | 646,266 (16.5) | 335,679 (22.9) | 22,869 (24.9) |
2 | 1,228,104 (7.9) | 179,179 (4.3) | 448,790 (7.6) | 428,359 (10.9) | 163,607 (11.2) | 8169 (8.9) |
≥3 | 632,789 (4.1) | 46,831 (1.1) | 176,605 (3.0) | 263,398 (6.7) | 138,746 (9.5) | 7209 (7.9) |
Tobacco smoking | ||||||
Never | 10,205,344 (65.8) | 2,453,754 (59.3) | 3,699,455 (62.8) | 2,833,911 (72.4) | 1,143,800 (78.0) | 74,424 (81.1) |
Past | 1,346,005 (8.7) | 292,251 (7.1) | 580,647 (9.9) | 352,650 (9.0) | 113,814 (7.8) | 6643 (7.2) |
Current | 3,957,188 (25.5) | 1,394,670 (33.7) | 1,614,331 (27.4) | 728,807 (18.6) | 208,633 (14.2) | 10,747 (11.7) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
None | 8,038,231 (51.8) | 1,569,378 (37.9) | 2,843,131 (48.2) | 2,456,820 (62.7) | 1,093,756 (74.6) | 75,146 (81.8) |
1–2/week | 6,011,987 (38.8) | 2,306,804 (55.7) | 2,445,466 (41.5) | 1,030,990 (26.3) | 219,532 (15.0) | 9195 (10.0) |
≥3/week | 1,458,319 (9.4) | 264,493 (6.4) | 605,836 (10.3) | 427,558 (10.9) | 152,959 (10.4) | 7473 (8.1) |
Physical exercise | ||||||
None | 8,432,884 (54.4) | 2,416,722 (58.4) | 2,972,230 (50.4) | 2,022,331 (51.7) | 948,776 (64.7) | 72,825 (79.3) |
1–2/week | 4,205,135 (27.1) | 1,231,619 (29.7) | 1,800,577 (30.5) | 957,845 (24.5) | 207,258 (14.1) | 7836 (8.5) |
≥3/week | 2,870,518 (18.5) | 492,334 (11.9) | 1,121,626 (19.0) | 935,192 (23.9) | 310,213 (21.2) | 11,153 (12.1) |
Follow-up, years | 10.0 [10.0–10.0] | 10.0 [10.0–10.0] | 10.0 [10.0–10.0] | 10.0 [10.0–10.0] | 10.0 [10.0–10.0] | 7.6 [4.4–10.0] |
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Lee, H.; Cho, S.M.J.; Park, J.H.; Park, S.; Kim, H.C. 2017 ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Classification and Cardiovascular Disease in 15 Million Adults of Age 20–94 Years. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111832
Lee H, Cho SMJ, Park JH, Park S, Kim HC. 2017 ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Classification and Cardiovascular Disease in 15 Million Adults of Age 20–94 Years. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(11):1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111832
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hokyou, So Mi Jemma Cho, Jong Heon Park, Sungha Park, and Hyeon Chang Kim. 2019. "2017 ACC/AHA Blood Pressure Classification and Cardiovascular Disease in 15 Million Adults of Age 20–94 Years" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11: 1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111832