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Review

The Brain-Gut Axis: Psychological Functioning and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

by
Spyros Peppas
1,
Claudia Pansieri
2,3,
Daniele Piovani
2,3,*,
Silvio Danese
2,3,
Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
4,
Andreas G. Tsantes
5,
Enrico Brunetta
2,3,
Argirios E. Tsantes
5 and
Stefanos Bonovas
2,3,*
1
Department of Gastroenterology, Athens Naval Hospital, 11521 Athens, Greece
2
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
3
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, 20089 Milan, Italy
4
Department of Gastroenterology, Inserm U1256 NGERE, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
5
Attiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(3), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030377
Submission received: 24 November 2020 / Revised: 11 January 2021 / Accepted: 18 January 2021 / Published: 20 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric Nervous System: Neuropathic Gastrointestinal Motility)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The brain-gut axis represents a complex bi-directional system comprising multiple interconnections between the neuroendocrine pathways, the autonomous nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic, relapsing-remitting inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a multifactorial etiology. Depression and anxiety are prevalent among patients with chronic disorders characterized by a strong immune component, such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and IBD. Although psychological problems are an important aspect of morbidity and of impaired quality of life in patients with IBD, depression and anxiety continue to be under-diagnosed. There is lack of evidence regarding the exact mechanisms by which depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunction may occur in these patients, and whether psychological disorders are the result of disease activity or determinants of the IBD occurrence. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the role of the brain-gut axis in the psychological functioning of patients with IBD, and discuss current preclinical and clinical data on the topic and therapeutic strategies potentially useful for the clinical management of these patients. Personalized pathways of psychological supports are needed to improve the quality of life in patients with IBD.
Keywords: neuropsychology; gastroenterology; inflammatory bowel diseases; mental disorders; anti-depressive agents neuropsychology; gastroenterology; inflammatory bowel diseases; mental disorders; anti-depressive agents

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Peppas, S.; Pansieri, C.; Piovani, D.; Danese, S.; Peyrin-Biroulet, L.; Tsantes, A.G.; Brunetta, E.; Tsantes, A.E.; Bonovas, S. The Brain-Gut Axis: Psychological Functioning and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030377

AMA Style

Peppas S, Pansieri C, Piovani D, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Tsantes AG, Brunetta E, Tsantes AE, Bonovas S. The Brain-Gut Axis: Psychological Functioning and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(3):377. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030377

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peppas, Spyros, Claudia Pansieri, Daniele Piovani, Silvio Danese, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Andreas G. Tsantes, Enrico Brunetta, Argirios E. Tsantes, and Stefanos Bonovas. 2021. "The Brain-Gut Axis: Psychological Functioning and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases" Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 3: 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030377

APA Style

Peppas, S., Pansieri, C., Piovani, D., Danese, S., Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Tsantes, A. G., Brunetta, E., Tsantes, A. E., & Bonovas, S. (2021). The Brain-Gut Axis: Psychological Functioning and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(3), 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10030377

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