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29 January 2026

Correction: Chang et al. Intertypic Recombination Between Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus A71 Structural and Non-Structural Genes Modulates Virulence and Protection Efficacy. Vaccines 2025, 13, 1017

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1
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Comparative Medicine and Technology Unit, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Figure 2. The names of all the chimeras, Chi-CCE, Chi-ECE, Chi-EEC, and Ch-CEC, are wrong and have been corrected in Figure 2A,B. The correct Figure 2 and legend appear below.
Figure 2. Virulence of chimeric viruses in mice. (A) Diagram illustrating the in vivo experimental design used to assess chimeric virus virulence. (B) Mean body weight, clinical score, and survival rate of infected mice were monitored, with the number of mice indicated as n. Chimeric virus-infected mice were compared with PBS-inoculated mice. (C) Viral titration (log10 TCID50/mL) using TCID50 assay and virus RNA load (log10 copies/µL) using real-time qPCR in brains and limbs. The data are presented as mean ± SD (n > 2). Viral titre and viral RNA load in Chi-CCE-infected mice were compared with CVA16-infected mice. (D) H&E staining and IHC analysis for PBS-inoculated, CVA16-infected, and Chi-CCE-infected mice. Arrowheads indicate inflammatory cell infiltrates, while arrows indicate viral antigens. Scale bar: 50 µm. Magnification: 10× and 40× (small box). (E) The concentrations of cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in the sample supernatants were measured by ELISA. Dotted lines indicate limit of detection for the ELISA. Results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 2). Statistically significant differences after Bonferroni correction are denoted with * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, and no significant (ns).
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Reference

  1. Chang, H.Y.; Tee, H.K.; Ong, K.C.; Jasni, K.; Abdullah, S.; Sam, I.-C.; Chan, Y.F. Intertypic Recombination Between Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus A71 Structural and Non-Structural Genes Modulates Virulence and Protection Efficacy. Vaccines 2025, 13, 1017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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