Application of the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic for Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. General Clinical Evaluation
2.3. Cognitive Evaluation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Characteristics of Cognitive Impairment in PD Patients with MCI
3.3. Clinical Characteristics Associated with MCI in Patients with PD
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Total PD | NC (Group A) | PD-NC (Group B) | PD-MCI (Group C) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(B + C vs. A) | (C vs. B) | |||||
Number, n | 207 | 52 | 137 | 70 | ||
Age (years) | 66.1 ± 7.6 | 65.8 ± 6.9 | 64.9 ± 7.7 | 68.3 ± 6.9 | 0.462 | 0.002 ** |
Male, n (%) | 122 (58.9%) | 28 (53.8%) | 75 (54.7%) | 47 (67.1%) | 0.097 | 0.086 |
Onset age (years) | 63.0 ± 8.1 | NA | 61.9 ± 8.4 | 65.0 ± 6.9 | NA | 0.007 ** |
Disease duration(years) | 3.2 ± 3.6 | NA | 3.1 ± 3.3 | 3.3 ± 4.3 | NA | 0.642 |
Family history, n (%) | 36 (17.4%) | NA | 23 (16.8%) | 13 (18.6%) | NA | 0.749 |
Education level, n (%) | 0.697 | 0.432 | ||||
≤6 years | 25 (12.1%) | 7 (13.5%) | 14 (10.2%) | 11 (15.7%) | ||
7–12 years | 140 (67.6%) | 32 (61.5%) | 93 (67.9%) | 47 (67.1%) | ||
>12 years | 42 (20.3%) | 13 (25.0%) | 30 (21.9%) | 12 (17.2%) |
Items (Maximum Score) | NC (Group A) | PD-NC (Group B) | PD-MCI (Group C) | p Value (C vs. B; C vs. A; B vs. A) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Executive function (1) | 0.67 ± 0.47 | 0.48 ± 0.50 | 0.10 ± 0.30 | <0.001 **; <0.001 **; 0.052 |
Language (2) | 1.50 ± 0.50 | 1.43 ± 0.57 | 0.79 ± 0.66 | <0.001 **; <0.001 **; 1.000 |
Orientation (6) | 5.94 ± 0.24 | 5.97 ± 0.17 | 5.90 ± 0.30 | 0.072; 1.000; 1.000 |
Calculation (3) | 2.87 ± 0.40 | 2.72 ± 0.60 | 1.97 ± 1.08 | <0.001 **; <0.001 **; 0.634 |
Conceptual thinking (3) | 2.48 ± 0.70 | 2.61 ± 0.71 | 1.99 ± 1.00 | <0.001 **; 0.020 *; 0.520 |
Memory (5) | 2.90 ± 1.35 | 2.10 ± 1.55 | 0.89 ± 1.17 | <0.001 **; <0.001 **; 0.005 ** |
Visual perception (3) | 2.46 ± 0.58 | 2.24 ± 0.73 | 1.34 ± 0.96 | <0.001 **; <0.001 **; 0.322 |
Naming (4) | 3.85 ± 0.36 | 3.93 ± 0.28 | 3.61 ± 0.62 | <0.001 **; 0.030 *; 0.333 |
Attention (3) | 2.87 ± 0.40 | 2.88 ± 0.46 | 2.24 ± 1.11 | <0.001 **; <0.001 **; 1.000 |
Total (30) | 25.58 ± 2.30 | 24.39 ± 2.33 | 17.96 ± 3.89 | <0.001 **; <0.001 **; 0.060 |
Items | Total PD | PD-NC | PD-MCI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Motor symptom | ||||
UPDRS-III | 18.0 (10.0, 28.0) | 16.0 (9.0, 26.5) | 23.0 (14.8, 30.8) | 0.001 ** |
Motor subtype, n (%) | 0.501 | |||
Tremor-dominant (TD) | 73 (35.3%) | 45 (32.8%) | 28 (40.0%) | |
Akinetic-rigid(A-R) | 111 (53.6%) | 75 (54.8%) | 36 (51.4%) | |
Mixed | 23 (11.1%) | 17 (12.4%) | 6 (8.6%) | |
Laterality, n (%) | 0.400 | |||
Left | 85 (41.1%) | 54 (39.4%) | 31 (44.3%) | |
Right | 72 (34.8%) | 52 (38.0%) | 20 (28.6%) | |
Bilateral | 50 (24.1%) | 31 (22.6%) | 19 (27.1%) | |
FOG+, n (%) | 46 (22.2%) | 29 (21.2%) | 17 (24.3%) | 0.610 |
Non-motor symptoms | ||||
Hyposmia, n (%) | 133 (64.3%) | 82 (59.9%) | 51 (72.9%) | 0.065 |
cpRBD, n (%) | 69 (33.3%) | 36 (26.3%) | 33 (47.1%) | 0.003 ** |
Constipation, n (%) | 103 (49.8%) | 62 (45.3%) | 41 (58.6%) | 0.070 |
Depression, n (%) | 61 (29.5%) | 36 (26.3%) | 25 (35.7%) | 0.159 |
Hallucination, n (%) | 11 (5.3%) | 7 (5.1%) | 4 (5.7%) | 1.000 |
SCOPA-AUT | 10.0 (6.00, 16.0) | 9.0 (6.0, 15.0) | 11.0 (6.0, 17.0) | 0.214 |
Motor complications | ||||
Wearing off, n (%) | 33 (15.9%) | 22 (16.1%) | 11 (15.7%) | 0.949 |
Dyskinesia, n (%) | 5 (2.4%) | 5 (3.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.254 |
Variables | Model 1 Univariate | Model 2 Multivariate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Age (years) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 0.003 ** | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 0.012 * |
Male | 0.59 (0.32–1.08) | 0.088 | 0.85 (0.44–1.64) | 0.635 |
UPDRS-III | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 0.003 ** | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.018 * |
Hyposmia | 1.80 (0.96–3.37) | 0.066 | 1.29 (0.65–2.57) | 0.465 |
Constipation | 1.71 (0.96–3.06) | 0.071 | 0.88 (0.44–1.76) | 0.716 |
cpRBD | 2.50 (1.37–4.58) | 0.003 ** | 2.10 (1.05–4.22) | 0.037 * |
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Xu, Q.; Zhou, M.; Jiang, C.; Wu, L.; He, Q.; Zhao, L.; Dong, Y.; Liu, J.; Chen, W. Application of the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic for Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121575
Xu Q, Zhou M, Jiang C, Wu L, He Q, Zhao L, Dong Y, Liu J, Chen W. Application of the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic for Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sciences. 2021; 11(12):1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121575
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Qian, Mengxi Zhou, Chunyan Jiang, Li Wu, Qing He, Lei Zhao, Yourong Dong, Jianren Liu, and Wei Chen. 2021. "Application of the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic for Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease" Brain Sciences 11, no. 12: 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121575
APA StyleXu, Q., Zhou, M., Jiang, C., Wu, L., He, Q., Zhao, L., Dong, Y., Liu, J., & Chen, W. (2021). Application of the Chinese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic for Assessing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease. Brain Sciences, 11(12), 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121575