Failure Analysis of Subway Box Structures According to Displacement Behavior on a Serviced Urban Railway
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Field Measurement
2.1. Visual Inspection
2.2. Optical Leveling for Box Structures
3. Numerical Analysis
3.1. Modeling
3.2. Analysis Results
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Comparison of Damage to Subway Box Structures and Finite Element Analysis
4.2. Comparison of Elastic Beam and Numerical Analyses
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The cross-sectional analysis condition, which is a current evaluation technique in structure diagnosis in Korea, cannot reflect the displacement behavior characteristics of a particular location of the subway box structure, which demonstrates a continuous behavior in the longitudinal direction. Our analysis results show that the evaluation technique, where the maximum displacement (point settlement) in a specific cross-section and an empirical value for the subgrade modulus were applied, could not consider the relative displacement difference based on the structure location. Therefore, it was concluded that it was difficult to obtain a realistic damage evaluation for the structures.
- (2)
- The validity of the evaluation technique proposed in this study was verified through a comparison between the onsite damage and computed result of the subgrade modulus (boundary condition), where the structure’s displacement behavior characteristics were reflected by deriving a displacement function using a displacement measurement of the subway box structure, and applying this to the continuous elastic foundation beam theory.
- (3)
- The numerical analysis results after replacing the leveling results with the location of the box structure with the displacement function and the damage location and scale that occurred in the real subway box structure were consistent. Therefore, we confirmed that even the damage at an invisible location, which may occur in the real subway box structure, can be predicted based on 3D numerical analysis, where the displacement function is calculated using the leveling result, and the realized subgrade modulus is applied depending on the location.
- (4)
- Based on the leveling results, a displacement function was derived, and the boundary conditions of the modulus of the subgrade reaction were applied to calculate the modulus of subgrade reaction and the stress for each location through continuous elastic beam analysis. Continuous damage evaluation is possible by considering the relative displacement difference based on the location of the underground structure.
- (5)
- Using the proposed technique to analyze the damaging impact, the external boundary conditions that may induce major deformations in a subway box structure can be computed, and the members and locations where the damage may occur can be predicted and evaluated. Therefore, we can achieve reasonable damage evaluation and maintenance of the subway box structure, where the displacement behavior characteristics are reflected by repairing and reinforcing the damaged part at an accurate location through damage impact analysis techniques.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Chung, J.S.; Park, D.R.; Choi, J.Y. Evaluation of track irregularity effect due to adjacent excavation on serviced railway line. J. Converg. Cult. Technol. 2019, 5, 401–406. [Google Scholar]
- Choi, J.Y. Qualitative Analysis for Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballasted Track. Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany, January 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Choi, J.Y.; Yang, G.N.; Kim, T.J.; Chung, J.S. Analysis of ground subsidence according to tunnel passage in geological vulnerable zone. J. Converg. Cult. Technol. 2020, 6, 393–399. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, H.H. A Study on Improvement of Automatic Measurement Evaluation System for Subway Structure by Adjacent Excavation. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dongyang University, Yeongju, Republic of Korea, February 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Choi, H.Y. A Study about the Improvement on Automatic Measure Method of Tunnel. Master’s Thesis, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea, August 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Choi, J.Y.; Lee, H.H.; Kang, Y.S.; Chung, J.S. Evaluation of structural stability of tunnel due to adjacent excavation on urban transit. J. Converg. Cult. Technol. 2020, 6, 503–508. [Google Scholar]
- Cho, S.I. A Study on Deformation of Subway Structures by Adjacent Excavation Work. Master’s Thesis, Dongyang University, Yeongju, Republic of Korea, February 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Yoon, D.Y. A Study on Stability Evaluation of Retaining Wall and Subway Box Structure while Excavating the Ground Near Subway. Master’s Thesis, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea, February 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Song, J.H. Numerical Evaluation of Various Numerical Integration Methods in Structural Analysis. Master’s Thesis, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea, August 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Chun, H.K.; Kang, Y.S.; Park, P.G. Study of the behavior of concrete slab track on earthwork according to the variation of train axle load and speed. J. Korea Acad. Ind. Coop. Soc. 2015, 16, 6788–6798. [Google Scholar]
- Chung, J.S.; Shin, Y.W.; Kim, M.H.; Kook, Y.M.; Jeong, K.K.; Kim, P.S.; Lee, S.W. A study on the displacement behavior according to the analysis model of ground excavation. J. Korean Geo-Environ. Soc. 2018, 19, 27–32. [Google Scholar]
- Nguyen, D.D.; Park, D.H.; Shamsher, S.; Nguyen, V.Q.; Kee, T.H. Seismic vulnerability assessment of rectangular cut-and-cover subway tunnels. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2019, 86, 247–261. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tao, L.; Ding, P.; Shi, C.; Wu, X.; Wu, S.; Li, S. Shaking table test on seismic response characteristics of prefabricated subway station structure. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2019, 91, 102994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Z.Y.; Liu, Z.Q. Effects of pulse-like earthquake motions on a typical subway station structure obtained in shaking-table tests. Eng. Struct. 2019, 198, 109557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, T.H.; Park, D.H.; Nguyen, D.D.; Park, J.S. Damage analysis of cut-and-cover tunnel structures under seismic loading. Bull. Earthq. Eng. 2016, 14, 413–431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tang, B.; Li, X.; Chen, S.; Zhuang, H.; Chen, H.P. Investigations of seismic response to an irregular-section subway station structure located in a soft clay site. Eng. Struct. 2020, 217, 110799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhuang, H.; Jing, Y.; Su, C.; Jisai, F.; Guoxing, C. Seismic performance of underground subway station structure considering connection modes and diaphragm wall. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 2019, 127, 105842. [Google Scholar]
- Cui, G.; Ma, J. Structure strengthening method for enhancing seismic behavior of soft tunnel portal section. Math. Probl. Eng. 2021, 2021, 6624963. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhuang, H.; Ren, J.; Miao, Y.; Yao, L.J.; Xu, C. Seismic performance levels of a large underground subway station in different soil foundations. J. Earthq. Eng. 2021, 25, 2808–2833. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pang, R.; Chen, K.; Fan, Q.; Xu, B. Stochastic ground motion simulation and seismic damage performance assessment of a 3-D subway station structure based on stochastic dynamic and probabilistic analysis. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2022, 126, 104568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Z.; Fu, H.; Chen, W.; Zhang, J.; Huang, H. Damage detection and quantitative analysis of shied tunnel structure. Autom. Constr. 2018, 94, 303–316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.W.; Basaran, C. A review of damage, void evolution, and fatigue life prediction models. Metals 2021, 11, 609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Winkler, E. Die Lehre von der Elasticitaet und Festigkeit: Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf ihre Anwendung in der Technik, Für Polytechnische Schulen, Bauakademien, Ingenieure, Maschinenbauer, Architecten, etc.; Fb&c Limited: London, UK, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Korea Highway Standard. Korea Highway Bridge Design Standard: Explanation; KHS: Dortmund, Germany, 2008; pp. 758–759. [Google Scholar]
- Ansys Inc. ANSYS® 2007 ANSYS Workbench 2021.1R; ANSYS Inc.: Cannonsberg, PA, USA, 2021. [Google Scholar]
Station | Subgrade Category | Modified Value (N) | E0 (kN/m2) | Kv0 (kN/m3) | Kv (kN/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
755.37 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
760.00 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
765.00 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
770.00 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
775.00 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
780.00 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
785.00 | SM (Silt non-plastic) | 21 | 16,086 | 53,620 | 3574 |
790.00 | SM | 21 | 16,086 | 53,620 | 3574 |
795.00 | SM | 5 | 3830 | 12,767 | 851 |
800.00 | SM | 17 | 13,022 | 43,407 | 2893 |
805.00 | SM | 19 | 14,554 | 48,513 | 3234 |
810.00 | SM | 19 | 14,554 | 48,513 | 3234 |
815.00 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
820.00 | Weathered rock | - | 150,000 | 500,000 | 33,329 |
825.00 | SM | 16 | 12,256 | 40,853 | 2723 |
825.20 | SM | 16 | 12,256 | 40,853 | 2723 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Choi, J.-Y.; Kim, S.-H.; Yang, G.-N.; Lee, H.-H.; Chung, J.-S. Failure Analysis of Subway Box Structures According to Displacement Behavior on a Serviced Urban Railway. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 12637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412637
Choi J-Y, Kim S-H, Yang G-N, Lee H-H, Chung J-S. Failure Analysis of Subway Box Structures According to Displacement Behavior on a Serviced Urban Railway. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(24):12637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412637
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Jung-Youl, Sun-Hee Kim, Gyu-Nam Yang, Ho-Hyun Lee, and Jee-Seung Chung. 2022. "Failure Analysis of Subway Box Structures According to Displacement Behavior on a Serviced Urban Railway" Applied Sciences 12, no. 24: 12637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412637
APA StyleChoi, J.-Y., Kim, S.-H., Yang, G.-N., Lee, H.-H., & Chung, J.-S. (2022). Failure Analysis of Subway Box Structures According to Displacement Behavior on a Serviced Urban Railway. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12637. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412637