Retrospective Study of the Association between Peri-Implantitis and Keratinized Mucosa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method and Materials
2.1. Design
2.2. Setting and Participants
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Ethical and Legal Considerations
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The presence of KM around the implants seems to have been associated with peri-implantitis and with a transparency of the peri-implant tissues.
- The absence of KM appears to have an impact on certain clinical parameters: Recession is augmented in implants with absence of KM; hygiene is facilitated when implants are surrounded by KM, therefore the plaque index is lower; probing depth tends to increase in implants without KM; bleeding and suppuration are reduced in the presence of KM and bone level tends to be lower in implants without KM.
- Further research is needed in this field to clarify the relationship between KM and peri-implantitis.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
KM | keratinized mucosa |
GEE | generalized estimating equations |
OR | odds ratio |
BOP | bleeding on probing |
PD | probing depth |
BL | bone level |
PI | peri-implantitis |
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GROUP | ||
---|---|---|
Control | Peri-Implantitis | |
Age | 67.2 ± 7.3 years | 64.6 ± 6.3 years |
Gender | Male 40 (38.8%) | Male 33 (33%) |
Female 63 (61.1%) | Female 67 (67%) | |
Smoking status | No 88 (85.4%) | No 76 (76%) |
Yes 15 (14.5%) | Yes 24 (24%) | |
History of periodontitis | No 58 (56.3%) | No 16 (16%) |
Yes 45 (43.6%) | Yes 84 (84%) | |
Time since placement(years) | 6.7 ± 3.1 | 12.3 ± 5.6 |
Multiple implants | 66% | 82% |
Group | OR | CI 95% | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Peri-Implantitis | ||||
PRESENCE OF KM | |||||
No | 3 (2.9) | 49 (49.0) | 1 | ||
Yes | 100 (97.1) | 51 (51.0) | 0.03 | 0.01–0.11 | <0.001 |
KM (mm) | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 1.4 ± 1.7 | 0.56 | 0.39–0.79 | 0.001 |
RECESSION (mm) | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 1.9 | 23.3 | 2.99–15.8 | <0.001 |
BOP | |||||
No | 82 (79.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | ||
Yes | 21 (20.4) | 100 (100) | -- | -- | -- |
SUPPURATION | |||||
No | 103 (100) | 45 (45.0) | 1 | ||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 55 (55.0) | -- | -- | -- |
PD (mm) | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 92.5 | 4.1–2080.3 | 0.004 |
BL (mm) | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 1.35 | 1.22–1.44 | <0.001 |
PLAQUE INDEX | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 6.24 | 3.08–12.6 | <0.001 |
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Fons-Badal, C.; Labaig-Rueda, C.; Agustín-Panadero, R.; Solá-Ruiz, M.F.; Roig-Vanaclocha, A.; Fernández-Estevan, L.; Fons-Font, A. Retrospective Study of the Association between Peri-Implantitis and Keratinized Mucosa. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 6980. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146980
Fons-Badal C, Labaig-Rueda C, Agustín-Panadero R, Solá-Ruiz MF, Roig-Vanaclocha A, Fernández-Estevan L, Fons-Font A. Retrospective Study of the Association between Peri-Implantitis and Keratinized Mucosa. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(14):6980. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146980
Chicago/Turabian StyleFons-Badal, Carla, Carlos Labaig-Rueda, Rubén Agustín-Panadero, Maria Fernanda Solá-Ruiz, Ana Roig-Vanaclocha, Lucía Fernández-Estevan, and Antonio Fons-Font. 2022. "Retrospective Study of the Association between Peri-Implantitis and Keratinized Mucosa" Applied Sciences 12, no. 14: 6980. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146980
APA StyleFons-Badal, C., Labaig-Rueda, C., Agustín-Panadero, R., Solá-Ruiz, M. F., Roig-Vanaclocha, A., Fernández-Estevan, L., & Fons-Font, A. (2022). Retrospective Study of the Association between Peri-Implantitis and Keratinized Mucosa. Applied Sciences, 12(14), 6980. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146980