Experimental Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Hydro-Pneumatic Semi-Active Suspensions for Agricultural Tractor Cabins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Hydro-Pneumatic Semi-Active Suspension Used in the Study
2.2. Theory of Dynamic System
- F: reaction force, ;
- : spring constant, ;
- : damping coefficient, ;
- : displacement, ;
- : velocity, .
2.2.1. Test for Force-Displacement Curve
- : area difference between cylinder head side and rod side, ;
- : area of cylinder head side, ;
- : area of cylinder rod side, ;
- : diameter of cylinder head side, ;
- : diameter of cylinder rod side, ;
- : initial position of cylinder, ;
- : initial compression force, ;
- : initial pressure of hydraulic system, .
2.2.2. Test for Force-Velocity Curve
- : amplitude, ;
- : frequency, ;
- : damping coefficient, ;
- : reaction force at , .
2.3. Experimental Conditions
2.3.1. Test Equipment and System Configuration
2.3.2. Test Conditions
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Results of Force-Displacement Curve
3.2. Results of Force-Velocity Curve
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Choi, K.; Oh, J.; Ahn, D.; Park, Y.-J.; Park, S.-U.; Kim, H.-S. Experimental Study of the Dynamic Characteristics of Rubber Mounts for Agricultural Tractor Cabin. J. Biosyst. Eng. 2018, 43, 255–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oh, J.; Chung, W.-J.; Han, H.-W.; Kim, J.-T.; Son, G.-H.; Park, Y.-J. Evaluation of Tractor Ride Vibrations by Cabin Suspension System. Trans. ASABE 2020, 63, 1465–1476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sim, K.; Lee, H.; Yoon, J.W.; Choi, C.; Hwang, S.H. Effectiveness evaluation of hydro-pneumatic and semi-active cab suspension for the improvement of ride comfort of agricultural tractors. J. Terramech. 2017, 69, 23–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bauer, W. Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Zehsaz, M.; Sadeghi, M.H.; Ettefagh, M.M.; Shams, F. Tractor cabin’s passive suspension parameters optimization via experimental and numerical methods. J. Terramech. 2011, 48, 439–450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sarami, S. Development and Evaluation of a Semi-Active Suspension System for Full Suspension Tractors. Ph.D. Dissertation, Berlin Institute of Technology, Berlin, Germany, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Omar, M.; El-kassaby, M.M.; Abdelghaffar, W. A universal suspension test rig for electrohydraulic active and passive automotive suspension system. Alex. Eng. J. 2017, 56, 359–370. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Konieczny, Ł.; Burdzik, R.; Folęga, P.; Wieczorek, A. Determination of the damping characteristics of hydro pneumatic suspension strut. J. Meas. Eng. 2013, 1, 155–158. [Google Scholar]
- Giliomee, C.L.; Els, P.S. Semi-active hydropneumatic spring and damper system. J. Terramech. 1998, 35, 109–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yin, Z.; Khajepour, A.; Cao, D.; Ebrahimi, B.; Guo, K. A new pneumatic suspension system with independent stiffness and ride height tuning capabilities. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 2012, 50, 1735–1746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alonso, A.; Gimenez, J.G.; Nieto, J.; Vinolas, J. Air suspension characterisation and effectiveness of a variable area orifice. Veh. Syst. Dyn. 2010, 48, 271–286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Item | Specification |
---|---|
Operating pressure | 210 |
Working load range | 150–300 |
Type of fluid | SAE 80W-90 |
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C | 55.75 |
Kinematic viscosity at 100 °C | 9.506 |
Supply voltage | 12 VDC |
Maximum current | 1.8 A, 100% duty cycle at max 50 °C |
Proportional valve type | Normal closed |
Piston outer diameter | 30 |
Piston inner diameter | 18 |
Accumulator volume | 160 |
Accumulator pre-charge pressure | 40 |
Item | Specification |
---|---|
Model | 810 material testing system |
Maker | MTS Systems Corporation |
Maximum force capacity | 100 |
Vertical test space | 1308 |
Stiffness | 2.6 × 108 |
Weight | 500 |
Number | Command (%) | Current (mA) |
---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 280 |
2 | 20 | 360 |
3 | 30 | 540 |
4 | 40 | 720 |
5 | 50 | 900 |
6 | 60 | 1080 |
7 | 75 | 1350 |
8 | 100 | 1580 |
Number | Velocity (m/s) | Frequency (Hz) |
---|---|---|
1 | 0.025 | 0.114 |
2 | 0.050 | 0.227 |
3 | 0.075 | 0.341 |
4 | 0.100 | 0.455 |
5 | 0.150 | 0.682 |
6 | 0.200 | 0.909 |
Velocity (m/s) | Value | Current (mA) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1580 | 1350 | 1080 | 900 | 720 | 540 | 360 | 280 | ||
−0.200 | Damping Force (N) | −626 | −802 | −1463 | −2640 | −5183 | −10,010 | - | - |
−0.150 | −489 | −556 | −936 | −1602 | −2885 | −5573 | - | - | |
−0.100 | −363 | −409 | −581 | −858 | −1355 | −2580 | −7710 | −9357 | |
−0.075 | −298 | −344 | −437 | −591 | −838 | −1440 | −4551 | −5885 | |
−0.050 | −285 | −288 | −322 | −372 | −519 | −692 | −2306 | −2926 | |
−0.025 | −240 | −242 | −297 | −276 | −304 | −249 | −685 | −847 | |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
0.025 | 168 | 177 | 147 | 185 | 227 | 299 | 566 | 613 | |
0.050 | 199 | 197 | 193 | 254 | 395 | 620 | 1657 | 1854 | |
0.075 | 211 | 247 | 294 | 417 | 636 | 1130 | 3225 | 3673 | |
0.100 | 252 | 292 | 366 | 596 | 967 | 1822 | 5359 | 6007 | |
0.150 | 336 | 389 | 613 | 1101 | 1921 | 3733 | - | - | |
0.200 | 443 | 540 | 944 | 1817 | 3381 | 6596 | - | - |
Velocity (m/s) | Value | Current (mA) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1580 | 1350 | 1080 | 900 | 720 | 540 | 360 | 280 | ||
−0.200 | Damping Coefficient (Ns/m) | 3130 | 4010 | 7315 | 13,200 | 25,915 | 50,050 | - | - |
−0.150 | 3260 | 3707 | 6240 | 10,680 | 19,233 | 37,153 | - | - | |
−0.100 | 3630 | 4090 | 5810 | 8580 | 13,550 | 25,800 | 77,100 | 93,570 | |
−0.075 | 3973 | 4587 | 5827 | 7880 | 11,173 | 19,200 | 60,680 | 78,467 | |
−0.050 | 5700 | 5760 | 6440 | 7440 | 10,380 | 13,840 | 46,120 | 58,520 | |
−0.025 | 9600 | 9680 | 11,880 | 11,040 | 12,160 | 9960 | 27,400 | 33,880 | |
0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
0.025 | 6720 | 7080 | 5880 | 7400 | 9080 | 11,960 | 22,640 | 24,520 | |
0.050 | 3980 | 3940 | 3860 | 5080 | 7900 | 12,400 | 33,140 | 37,080 | |
0.075 | 2813 | 3293 | 3920 | 5560 | 8480 | 15,067 | 43,000 | 48,973 | |
0.100 | 2520 | 2920 | 3660 | 5960 | 9670 | 18,220 | 53,590 | 60,070 | |
0.150 | 2240 | 2593 | 4087 | 7340 | 12,807 | 24,887 | - | - | |
0.200 | 2215 | 2700 | 4720 | 9085 | 16,905 | 32,980 | - | - |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Choi, K.; Oh, J.; Kim, H.-S.; Han, H.-W.; Park, J.-H.; Lee, G.-H.; Seo, J.; Park, Y.-J. Experimental Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Hydro-Pneumatic Semi-Active Suspensions for Agricultural Tractor Cabins. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 8992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248992
Choi K, Oh J, Kim H-S, Han H-W, Park J-H, Lee G-H, Seo J, Park Y-J. Experimental Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Hydro-Pneumatic Semi-Active Suspensions for Agricultural Tractor Cabins. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(24):8992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248992
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Kyujeong, Jooseon Oh, Heung-Sub Kim, Hyun-Woo Han, Jung-Ho Park, Geun-Ho Lee, Jaho Seo, and Young-Jun Park. 2020. "Experimental Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Hydro-Pneumatic Semi-Active Suspensions for Agricultural Tractor Cabins" Applied Sciences 10, no. 24: 8992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248992
APA StyleChoi, K., Oh, J., Kim, H.-S., Han, H.-W., Park, J.-H., Lee, G.-H., Seo, J., & Park, Y.-J. (2020). Experimental Study on the Dynamic Characteristics of Hydro-Pneumatic Semi-Active Suspensions for Agricultural Tractor Cabins. Applied Sciences, 10(24), 8992. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248992