Determining Hopelessness Levels and Related Factors in Veterinary Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Categories | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 74 | 31.1 |
Male | 164 | 68.9 | |
Age | <25 ≤25 | 195 | 81.9 |
>26 ≥26 | 43 | 18.1 | |
Marital Status | Single | 220 | 92.4 |
Engaged | 11 | 4.6 | |
Married | 7 | 2.9 | |
Year | 2017 | 44 | 18.5 |
2018 | 51 | 21.4 | |
2019 | 50 | 21 | |
2020 | 51 | 21.4 | |
2021 | 37 | 15.5 | |
Place of Residence | Metropolitan city | 85 | 35.7 |
Urban setting | 60 | 25.2 | |
Urban | 54 | 22.7 | |
Town | 13 | 5.5 | |
Village | 26 | 10.9 | |
Mother’s Occupation | Unemployed | 191 | 80.3 |
Wage earner | 27 | 11.3 | |
Retired | 10 | 4.2 | |
Freelancer | 10 | 4.2 | |
Father’s Occupation | Retired—unemployed | 70 | 29.4 |
Farmer | 37 | 15.5 | |
Freelancer | 49 | 20.6 | |
Wage earner | 81 | 34 | |
Number of Siblings | ≤2 | 102 | 42.9 |
>2 | 135 | 56.7 | |
Place of Residence during Study | Family house | 45 | 18.9 |
Dormitory | 83 | 34.9 | |
Student house | 110 | 46.2 | |
Income Levels | Low | 60 | 25.2 |
Middle | 124 | 52.1 | |
High | 52 | 22.7 | |
Career Preference upon Graduation | Own clinical practice | 122 | 51.3 |
Public sector | 60 | 25.2 | |
Private sector | 23 | 9.7 | |
Academic career | 20 | 8.4 | |
Undecided | 10 | 4.2 | |
Expectations from the Department | Learning a profession | 89 | 37.4 |
Working in the field interested in/in a good job | 81 | 34 | |
Having status | 54 | 22.7 | |
A good and happy life | 7 | 2.9 | |
Having a good income | 3 | 1.3 | |
Estimated Period before Employment upon Graduation | 0–6 months | 155 | 65.1 |
6 months–1 year | 39 | 16.4 | |
1–2 years | 36 | 15.1 | |
2 years and above | 8 | 3.4 | |
Psychological Status (Fifth Year) | Very good | 13 | 5.5 |
Good | 44 | 18.5 | |
Bad | 97 | 40.8 | |
Very bad | 73 | 30.7 | |
Reason for Choosing this Faculty | Own will | 133 | 55.9 |
Money | 28 | 11.8 | |
External factors | 52 | 21.8 |
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Measurement for Sampling Adequacy | 0.881 | |
Bartlett’s Test | Chi-square | 1212.49 |
df | 190 | |
p | <0.001 |
Χ2 | Df | p | Χ2/df | CFI | RMSEA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
336.381 | 170 | <0.001 | 1.979 | 0.847 | 0.064 |
Hopelessness Levels | n | % | BHS Score | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | Mean ± Std. Deviation | |||
Normal | 101 | 42.4 | 0 | 3 | 1.68 ± 0.98 |
Mild | 92 | 38.7 | 4 | 8 | 5.62 ± 1.33 |
Middle | 32 | 13.4 | 9 | 14 | 11.25 ± 1.83 |
Severe | 13 | 5.5 | 15 | 20 | 16.69 ± 1.60 |
Variables | Categories | Hopelessness Level n (%) | p Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Mild | Middle | Severe | |||
Gender | Female | 25 (33.8) | 32 (43.2) | 10 (13.5) | 7 (9.5) | 0.132 |
Male | 76 (46.3) | 60 (36.6) | 22 (13.4) | 6 (3.7) | ||
Age | ≤25 | 86 (44.1) | 75 (38.5) | 23 (11.8) | 11 (5.6) | 0.397 |
≥26 | 15 (34.9) | 17 (39.5) | 9 (20.9) | 2 (4.7) | ||
Income Level | Low | 23 (38.3) | 25 (41.7) | 7 (11.7) | 5 (8.3) | 0.887 |
Middle | 54 (43.5) | 48 (38.7) | 17 (13.7) | 5 (4) | ||
High | 23 (44.2) | 18 (34.6) | 8 (15.4) | 3 (5.8) | ||
Year | 2017 | 23 (52.3) | 17 (38.6) | 4 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0.003 |
2018 | 22 (43.1) | 23 (45.1) | 6 (11.8) | 0 (0) | ||
2019 | 20 (40) | 22 (44) | 4 (8) | 4 (8) | ||
2020 | 18 (35.3) | 16 (31.4) | 12 (23.5) | 5 (9.8) | ||
2021 | 14(37.8) | 14 (37.8) | 5 (135.5) | 4 (10.8) | ||
Career Preference upon Graduation | Own clinical practice | 53 (43.4) | 48 (39.3) | 15 (12.3) | 6 (4.9) | 0.441 |
Public sector | 23 (38.3) | 23 (38.3) | 10 (16.7) | 4 (6.7) | ||
Private sector | 12 (52.2) | 6 (26.1) | 4 (17.4) | 1 (4.3) | ||
Academic career | 9 (45.0) | 10 (50.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (10.0) | ||
Undecided | 4 (40.0) | 2 (37.9) | 3 (13.6) | 1 (5.5) | ||
Expectations from the Department | Learning a profession | 30 (33.7) | 41 (46.1) | 12 (13.5) | 6 (6.7) | 0.108 |
Working in the field interested in/in a good job | 33 (40.7) | 29 (35.8) | 13 (16.0) | 6 (6.7) | ||
Having status | 32 (59.3) | 15 (27.8) | 6 (11.1) | 1 (1.9) | ||
A good and happy life | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
Having a good income | 0 (0) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0) | ||
Estimated Period before Employment upon Graduation | 0–6 months | 83 (53.5) | 53 (34.2) | 12 (7.7) | 7 (4.5) | <0.001 |
6 months–1 year | 12 (30.8) | 17 (43.6) | 10 (25.6) | 0 (0) | ||
1–2 years | 5 (13.9) | 19 (52.8) | 9 (25.0) | 3 (8.3) | ||
2 years and above | 1 (12.5) | 3 (37.5) | 1 (12.5) | 3 (37.5) | ||
Psychological Status (5th-year) | Very good | 8 (61.5) | 4 (30.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0) | 0.012 |
Good | 29 (65.9) | 12 (27.3) | 2 (4.5) | 1 (2.3) | ||
Bad | 32 (33.0) | 44 (45.4) | 17 (17.5) | 4 (4.1) | ||
Very bad | 28 (38.4) | 27 (37.0) | 11 (15.1) | 7 (9.6) | ||
Reason for Choosing this Faculty | Own will | 54 (40.6) | 55 (41.4) | 17 (12.8) | 7 (5.3) | 0.610 |
Money | 8 (28.6) | 10 (35.7) | 7 (25.0) | 3 (10.7) | ||
External factors | 20 (38.5) | 21 (40.4) | 8 (15.4) | 3 (5.8) |
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Yüksel, E.; Yüksel, Ö. Determining Hopelessness Levels and Related Factors in Veterinary Students. Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100798
Yüksel E, Yüksel Ö. Determining Hopelessness Levels and Related Factors in Veterinary Students. Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(10):798. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100798
Chicago/Turabian StyleYüksel, Erhan, and Özlem Yüksel. 2023. "Determining Hopelessness Levels and Related Factors in Veterinary Students" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 10: 798. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100798