An Arabic Sedentary Behaviors Questionnaire (ASBQ): Development, Content Validation, and Pre-Testing Findings
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods and Procedures
2.1. Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval and Parental Consent
2.2. Arabic SB Questionnaire (ASBQ) Development
- It should be practical when administered and take a reasonably short time to complete (maximum 10–15 min).
- Questions should cover all domains of SB activities that expend no more than 1.5 METs (sitting, reclining, and lying down while reading, viewing a screen and non-screen-based sedentary time, socializing, sitting in a car, bus, or train, sitting at school or at work, doing hobbies or household activities while seated, etc.).
- Can be applicable to a wide range of age groups from adolescents to elderly.
- Sedentary time is summed to account for total sedentary time in hours and minutes per weekday and on weekends.
- All possible psychometric properties testing must be conducted when developing and validating the instrument, including content validity, internal consistency, construct validity, reliability, and criterion validity, using an objective method such as the activPAL accelerometer as a criterion measure.
2.3. Content Validity Testing
2.4. Pre-Testing the ASBQ
- What do you think the question is about?
- Is the question clear and understandable? If not, how can it be made clearer?
- Do you have any questions about the items?
- How could the wording be clearer?
- Are there activities that we omitted?
- Did any of the questions make you feel uncomfortable?
2.5. Anthropometric Measurements
2.6. Computational and Statistical Analyses of the Data
3. Results
3.1. Content Validity Findings
3.2. Pre-Test Findings
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Limitations
4.2. Future Steps
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Dedication
References
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Domain | Item | Time |
---|---|---|
Leisure sitting time | 1. Watching movies, TV, videos (regardless of the source-TV, computer, phone) | [ ] hrs. [ ] min |
2. Playing computer/video games | [ ] hrs. [ ] min | |
3. Internet surfing or using social media for fun | [ ] hrs. [ ] min | |
Education or mentally active reading sitting time | 4. Doing homework/studying | [ ] hrs. [ ] min |
5. Reading for fun | [ ] hrs. [ ] min | |
Talking, listening or resting sitting time | 6. Sitting and talking with family or friends in person or via internet | [ ] hrs. [ ] min |
7. Listening to Quran, Radio, or music (without doing anything else) | [ ] hrs. [ ] min | |
8. Resting (lying down, but not taking a nap, etc.) | [ ] hrs. [ ] min | |
Doing craft or hobby sitting time | 9. Doing hobbies that require thinking/reasoning (doing puzzles, playing cards, doing crossword puzzles, etc.) | [ ] hrs. [ ] min |
10. Doing simple crafts or art work while sitting (like drawing, painting, knitting, sewing, etc.) | [ ] hrs. [ ] min | |
Transportation sitting time | 11. Using transportation while sitting (in car, bus, train, subway or motorbike) | [ ] hrs. [ ] min |
Household sitting time | 12. Doing household tasks while seated (cooking, ironing, slicing foods, etc.) | [ ] hrs. [ ] min |
13. Engaged in other activities than the above while seated, name them: | [ ] hrs. [ ] min |
Item No. | Experts Relevance Ratings | Expert Agreement | Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) | Universal Agreement (UA) | Modified Kappa Agreement | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||||
Q-1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.90 |
Q-5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-12 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.90 |
Q-13 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-14 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 0.70 | 0 | 0.69 |
Q-15 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Q-16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0.80 | 0 | 0.80 |
Average Item relevance | 0.94 | 0.94 | 1 | 0.88 | 1 | 0.94 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.88 | 9.56 | S-CVI = 0.96 | S-CVI/UA = 0.75 | 0.96 |
Average relevance across the 10 experts = 0.96 |
Item No. | Relevant (Rating 3 or 4) | Not Relevant (Rating 1 or 2) | Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) * | Content Validity Ration ** | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q-1 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-2 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-3 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-4 | 9 | 1 | 0.90 | 0.80 | Appropriate |
Q-5 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-6 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-7 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-8 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-9 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-10 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-11 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-12 | 9 | 1 | 0.90 | 0.80 | Appropriate |
Q-13 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-14 | 7 | 3 | 0.70 | 0.40 | Need Revision *** |
Q-15 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Appropriate |
Q-16 | 8 | 2 | 0.80 | 0.60 | Appropriate |
Item | Category | Value |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 38.3 (18.2) |
Age category | Adolescents—12–17 years (%) | 23.5% (12) |
Young Adults—18–35 (%) | 23.5% (12) | |
Middle age—36–49 (%) | 23.5% (12) | |
Older Adults 50+ (%) | 29.5% (15) | |
Sex (%) | h | 49% (25) |
Body weight (kg) | Mean (SD) | 72.9 (15.3) |
Height (cm) | Mean (SD) | 162.4 (8.1) |
BMI (kg/m2) | Mean (SD) | 27.7 (5.9) |
Underweight (%) | 5.9% (3) | |
Normal weight (%) | 29.4% (15) | |
Overweight (%) | 31.4% (16) | |
Obese (%) | 33.3% (17) | |
Education | High school or less (%) | 45% (23) |
College degree (%) | 33.4% (17) | |
Postgraduate degree (%) | 21.6% (11) | |
Working status | Not working (%) | 27.4% (14) |
Working online (%) | 31.4% (16) | |
Working in-person (%) | 41.2% (21) |
Item Number (Question) | Participant Understanding of the Intended Meaning | The Content Was Clear for the Participant | The Wording Was Clear for the Participant |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 100% (51) | 98% (50) | 90.2% (46) |
2 | 100% (51) | 98% (50) | 90.2% (46) |
3 | 98% (50) | 96.1% (49) | 96.1% (49) |
4 | 100% (51) | 94.1% (48) | 96.1% (49) |
5 | 98% (50) | 98% (50) | 98% (50) |
6 | 98% (50) | 94.1% (48) | 98% (50) |
7 | 98% (50) | 88.2% (45) | 88.2% (45) |
8 | 100% (51) | 96.1% (49) | 94.1% (48) |
9 | 100% (51) | 100% (51) | 100% (51) |
10 | 100% (51) | 98% (50) | 100% (51) |
11 | 98% (50) | 94.1% (48) | 96.1% (49) |
12 | 100% (51) | 100% (51) | 100% (51) |
13 | 100% (51) | 90.2% (46) | 94.1% (48) |
14 | 92.2% (47) | 94.1% (48) | 98% (50) |
15 | 100% (51) | 94.1% (48) | 100% (51) |
16 | 96.1% (49) | 96.1% (49) | 92.2% (47) |
Overall (%) | 98.6% | 95.6% | 95.7% |
Variable | Classification | Total Sedentary Time (Hours/Day) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weekdays | p-Value | Weekends | p-Value | ||||
Mean (SD) | Correlation | Mean (SD) | Correlation | ||||
Gender | Male | 13.4 (4.0) | −0.029 p = 0.840 | 0.840 | 14.8 (3.8) | −0.051 p = 0.724 | 0.724 |
Female | 13.2 (3.3) | 14.4 (4.1) | |||||
Age category | Adolescents | 14.1 (2.8) | −0.059 p = 0.680 | 0.218 | 14.5 (3.6) | −0.111 p = 0.438 | 0.360 |
Young adult | 13.6 (3.4) | 16.3 (2.6) | |||||
Middle age | 11.4 (3.5) | 13.6 (3.8) | |||||
Older age | 14.0 (4.3) | 14.2 (4.9) | |||||
BMI category | Underweight | 17.0 (0.0) | −0.385 p = 0.005 | 0.046 * | 17.3 (1.2) | −0.018 p = 0.903 | 0.532 |
Normal weight | 14.6 (3.0) | 13.8 (4.1) | |||||
Overweight | 12.9 (3.6) | 14.9 (4.0) | |||||
Obesity | 11.9 (3.9) | 14.6 (3.9) | |||||
Education | High school | 13.9 (3.5) | −0.020 p = 0.888 | 0.144 | 14.4 (3.9) | 0.018 p = 0.899 | 0.887 |
College degree | 11.9 (3.8) | 15.0 (3.7) | |||||
Post graduate | 14.3 (3.2) | 14.5 (4.3) | |||||
Work status | Not working | 13.5 (4.2) | −0.099 p = 0.488 | 0.631 | 13.7 (4.9) | 0.115 p = 0.423 | 0.602 |
Working online | 13.9 (2.8) | 15.0 (3.5) | |||||
Working in-person | 13.8 (3.8) | 14.9 (3.5) | |||||
Comorbidity | No | 13.5 (3.2) | −0.041 p = 0.778 | 0.152 | 14.4 (4.1) | 0.060 p = 0.673 | 0.627 |
Yes | 13.2 (4.1) | 14.9 (3.8) |
Item (Question) Number | Correlation with Total Sedentary Time during Weekdays | Correlation with Total Sedentary Time during Weekends |
---|---|---|
1 | −0.153 (p = 0.284) | - |
2 | −0.062 (p = 0.665) | - |
3 | 0.576 (p < 0.001) | 0.516 (p < 0.001) |
4 | 0.473 (p < 0.001) | 0.446 (p = 0.001) |
5 | 0.245 (p = 0.083) | 0.224 (p = 0.114) |
6 | 0.195 (p = 0.171) | 0.195 (p = 0.170) |
7 | 0.124 (p = 0.386) | 0.340 (p = 0.015) |
8 | 0.443 (p = 0.001) | 0.160 (p = 0.262) |
9 | 0.353 (p = 0.011) | 0.375 (p = 0.007) |
10 | 0.206 (p = 0.146) | 0.225 (p = 0.112) |
11 | 0.198 (p = 0.165) | 0.114 (p = 0.427) |
12 | 0.259 (p = 0.066) | 0.357 (p = 0.010) |
13 | 0.293 (p = 0.037) | 0.219 (p = 0.122) |
14 | 0.179 (p = 0.208) | 0.134 (p = 0.349) |
15 | 0.263 (p = 0.096) | 0.153 (p = 0.284) |
16 | −0.225 (p = 0.113) | 0.134 (p = 0.349) |
Component | Initial Eigenvalues | Rotation Sum of Squared Loading | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % Variance | Cumulative % | Total | % Variance | Cumulative % | |
Weekdays | ||||||
1 | 2.446 | 18.814 | 18.814 | 1.887 | 14.517 | 14.517 |
2 | 1.695 | 13.039 | 31.853 | 1.521 | 11.701 | 26.218 |
3 | 1.544 | 11.876 | 43.729 | 1.518 | 11.679 | 37.897 |
4 | 1.361 | 10.473 | 54.202 | 1.509 | 11.608 | 49.505 |
5 | 1.047 | 8.055 | 62.257 | 1.440 | 11.076 | 60.581 |
6 | 1.024 | 7.881 | 70.137 | 1.242 | 9.556 | 70.137 |
7 | 0.876 | 6.739 | 76.876 | |||
8 | 0.711 | 5.470 | 82.346 | |||
9 | 0.684 | 5.262 | 87.608 | |||
10 | 0.488 | 3.757 | 91.364 | |||
11 | 0.450 | 3.459 | 94.824 | |||
12 | 0.411 | 3.165 | 97.989 | |||
13 | 0.261 | 2.011 | 100.00 | |||
Weekends | ||||||
1 | 2.242 | 17.244 | 17.244 | 1.940 | 14.927 | 14.927 |
2 | 1.849 | 14.224 | 31.468 | 1.762 | 13.557 | 28.484 |
3 | 1.516 | 11.663 | 43.131 | 1.604 | 12.339 | 40.823 |
4 | 1.257 | 9.673 | 52.804 | 1.356 | 10.431 | 51.254 |
5 | 1.142 | 8.782 | 61.586 | 1.343 | 10.331 | 61.586 |
6 | 0.993 | 7.637 | 69.223 | |||
7 | 0.787 | 6.050 | 75.273 | |||
8 | 0.764 | 5.875 | 81.148 | |||
9 | 0.605 | 4.656 | 85.804 | |||
10 | 0.569 | 4.381 | 90.185 | |||
11 | 0.503 | 3.869 | 94.054 | |||
12 | 0.416 | 3.201 | 97.254 | |||
13 | 0.357 | 2.746 | 100.00 |
Component | Weekdays | Weekends | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Item (Question) Number | Coefficient | Item (Question) Number | Coefficient | |
1 | 10 | 0.814 | 4 | 0.716 |
5 | −0.666 | 13 | 0.689 | |
7 | 0.638 | 3 | 0.550 | |
15 | 0.499 | 15 | 0.451 | |
2 | 9 | 0.782 | 10 | 0.766 |
8 | 0.663 | 9 | 0.677 | |
- | - | 11 | 0.618 | |
3 | 3 | 0.860 | 12 | 0.749 |
13 | 0.634 | 6 | 0.735 | |
4 | 12 | 0.783 | 5 | −0.669 |
11 | 0.757 | 14 | 0.637 | |
5 | 6 | 0.791 | 7 | 0.864 |
14 | 0.655 | 8 | −0.645 | |
6 | 4 | 0.906 | - | - |
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Al-Hazzaa, H.M.; Alothman, S.A.; Albawardi, N.M.; Alghannam, A.F.; Almasud, A.A. An Arabic Sedentary Behaviors Questionnaire (ASBQ): Development, Content Validation, and Pre-Testing Findings. Behav. Sci. 2022, 12, 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12060183
Al-Hazzaa HM, Alothman SA, Albawardi NM, Alghannam AF, Almasud AA. An Arabic Sedentary Behaviors Questionnaire (ASBQ): Development, Content Validation, and Pre-Testing Findings. Behavioral Sciences. 2022; 12(6):183. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12060183
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Shaima A. Alothman, Nada M. Albawardi, Abdullah F. Alghannam, and Alaa A. Almasud. 2022. "An Arabic Sedentary Behaviors Questionnaire (ASBQ): Development, Content Validation, and Pre-Testing Findings" Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 6: 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12060183