Enzymatically Digested Food Waste Altered Fecal Microbiota But Not Meat Quality and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Pigs
1
Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
2
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, The Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Research, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
3
California Safe Soil, LLC, McClellan, CA 95652, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2019, 9(11), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110970
Received: 8 September 2019
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Revised: 6 November 2019
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Accepted: 8 November 2019
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Published: 14 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Nutrition)
Simple Summary
Food waste has been negatively impacting the environment, which can harm the human population. Enzymatic digestion is a great way to reuse and recycle food waste, and its product could be used to feed growing-finishing pigs. In this experiment, we investigated the meat quality and the fecal microbiota of pigs fed with enzymatically digested food waste. Results indicate feeding 100% enzymatically digested food waste did not alter the meat quality of finishing pigs in comparison to the pigs fed with traditional corn-soybean meal diet. However, pigs fed with enzymatically digested food waste contained more omega-3 fatty acids (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the back-fat than pigs fed with corn-soybean diet. Moreover, feeding enzymatically digested food waste remarkably impacted fecal microbiome diversity of pigs, particularly increased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae family that was suggested to be positively correlated with the concentrations of beneficial fatty acids in the host. In summary, feeding enzymatically digested food waste to growing-finishing pigs not only contributes to the sustainability of agriculture, but also provides more beneficial fatty acids to pork consumers.
This experiment aimed to evaluate meat quality, fatty acid profile in back-fat, and fecal microbiota of growing-finishing pigs fed with liquid enzymatically digested food waste. Fifty-six crossbred pigs (approximately 32.99 kg body weight) were assigned to one of two treatments with seven replicate pens and four pigs per pen. Pigs were fed with control (corn-soybean meal diets) or food waste from d 0 to 53, while all pigs were fed with the control diet from d 53 to 79. The 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze microbiota of feces collected on d 0, 28, 53, and 79. Meat quality and carcass characteristics were measured in one pig per pen at the end of the experiment. Pigs fed with food waste contained more (p < 0.05) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in back-fat. Feeding food waste increased (p < 0.05) the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, but decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundances of Streptococcaceae and Clostridiaceae in feces on d 29 or d 53. In conclusion, feeding enzymatically digested food waste did not affect pork quality, but provided more beneficial fatty acids to pork consumers and altered the fecal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs.
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Keywords:
enzymatically digested food waste; fatty acid profile; fecal microbiota; growing-finishing pigs; meat quality
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jinno, C.; Saelao, P.; Maga, E.A.; King, A.; Morash, D.; Zicari, S.; Yang, X.; Liu, Y. Enzymatically Digested Food Waste Altered Fecal Microbiota But Not Meat Quality and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals 2019, 9, 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110970
AMA Style
Jinno C, Saelao P, Maga EA, King A, Morash D, Zicari S, Yang X, Liu Y. Enzymatically Digested Food Waste Altered Fecal Microbiota But Not Meat Quality and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals. 2019; 9(11):970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110970
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinno, Cynthia, Perot Saelao, Elizabeth A. Maga, Annie King, Dan Morash, Steve Zicari, Xiang Yang, and Yanhong Liu. 2019. "Enzymatically Digested Food Waste Altered Fecal Microbiota But Not Meat Quality and Carcass Characteristics of Growing-Finishing Pigs" Animals 9, no. 11: 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9110970
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