Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in the Bill of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia)
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Sex Identification
2.3. Data Collection and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Size
3.2. Shape
3.2.1. Dorsal View
3.2.2. Lateral View
3.3. Discriminant Function Analysis
3.4. Allometry
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sum of Squares | Mean Square | F Statistic | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dorsal | 159,819.346 | 159,819.346 | 2.2284 | 0.1428 |
Lateral | 306,785.1804 | 306,785.1804 | 5.0804 | 0.02935 |
Dorsal | Lateral | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC | Eigenvalue % | Variance % | Cumulative % | Eigenvalues % | Variance % | Cumulative % |
PC1 | 0.000627 | 46.788 | 46.788 | 0.00080073 | 44.64 | 44.64 |
PC2 | 0.00033007 | 24.63 | 71.418 | 0.0003435 | 19.15 | 63.80 |
PC3 | 0.00015145 | 11.301 | 82.719 | 0.00015325 | 8.54 | 72.34 |
Female-Male | Dorsal | Lateral |
---|---|---|
Procrustes Distance | 0.00765637 | 0.01131073 |
p-Value | 0.5843 | 0.1590 |
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Günay, E.; Szara, T.; Çakar, B.; Deveci, E.İ.; Coşkun, A.S.; Gün, G.; Yiğit, F.; Gündemir, O.; Duro, S.; Spataru, M.C. Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in the Bill of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Animals 2025, 15, 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091312
Günay E, Szara T, Çakar B, Deveci Eİ, Coşkun AS, Gün G, Yiğit F, Gündemir O, Duro S, Spataru MC. Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in the Bill of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Animals. 2025; 15(9):1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091312
Chicago/Turabian StyleGünay, Ebuderda, Tomasz Szara, Buket Çakar, Emine İrem Deveci, Ali Serhan Coşkun, Gökhan Gün, Funda Yiğit, Ozan Gündemir, Sokol Duro, and Mihaela Claudia Spataru. 2025. "Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in the Bill of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia)" Animals 15, no. 9: 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091312
APA StyleGünay, E., Szara, T., Çakar, B., Deveci, E. İ., Coşkun, A. S., Gün, G., Yiğit, F., Gündemir, O., Duro, S., & Spataru, M. C. (2025). Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Sexual Dimorphism in the Bill of the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia). Animals, 15(9), 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15091312