Effects of Two Different Methods of Teeth Grinding on Dental Injuries, Skin Lesions, Growth and Behaviour of Suckling Piglets Compared to a Non-Treated Control Group
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Housing
2.2. Preliminary Study
2.3. Main Study
- (1)
- grinding of the teeth with the roller-grinding head (method RG);
- (2)
- grinding of the teeth with the teacup-grinding head (method TCG);
- (3)
- control group, without teeth grinding (method CG).
2.3.1. Lesion Score and Body Weight
2.3.2. Behavioural Observations
2.4. Statistical Analysis
- Suckling vs. Lying
- Feeding/drinking vs. Lying
- Active behaviour (Walking/Standing/Sitting) vs. Lying
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Study
3.2. Main Study
3.2.1. Mortality
3.2.2. Body Weight and Lesion Score
3.2.3. Behaviour
4. Discussion
4.1. Tooth Injuries with Opening of the Dental Pulp
4.2. Mortality
4.3. Lesion Score
4.4. Body Weight
4.5. Behaviour
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Score | Definition |
---|---|
0 | no injuries |
1 | small number (<5) of superficial 1 scratches |
2 | medium number of superficial scratches (5–10) or a small number (<5) of deep 2 scratches |
3 | high number of superficial scratches (>10) or medium to high number of deep scratches (>5) |
Behaviour | Definition |
---|---|
lying | The piglet’s body is not held up by the four legs. |
suckling | The piglet has direct oral contact with the sow’s teat. |
active behaviour | |
running | The piglet shows any form of locomotion. |
standing | The piglet stands on all four legs. |
sitting | The piglet relieves the hind limbs; the main part of the body weight rests on the forelimbs, which are stretched out. |
eating/drinking | The piglet’s snout is in the feed bowl, and the piglet is eating, or its snout is in the water trough. |
Method | Weight (kg) | Odds Ratio | SE | p-Value | Confidence Interval (2.5%) | Confidence Interval (97.5%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CG | x/x + 1 kg | 2.876 | 0.854 | <0.001 | 1.413 | 5.859 |
TCG | x/x + 1 kg | 7.291 | 3.308 | <0.001 | 2.461 | 21.605 |
RG | x/x + 1 kg | 10.348 | 5.348 | <0.001 | 3.003 | 35.660 |
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Timphaus, C.B.; kleine Kruthaup, F.A.; Freise, F.; Herbrandt, S.; große Beilage, E.; Fels, M. Effects of Two Different Methods of Teeth Grinding on Dental Injuries, Skin Lesions, Growth and Behaviour of Suckling Piglets Compared to a Non-Treated Control Group. Animals 2024, 14, 1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14091318
Timphaus CB, kleine Kruthaup FA, Freise F, Herbrandt S, große Beilage E, Fels M. Effects of Two Different Methods of Teeth Grinding on Dental Injuries, Skin Lesions, Growth and Behaviour of Suckling Piglets Compared to a Non-Treated Control Group. Animals. 2024; 14(9):1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14091318
Chicago/Turabian StyleTimphaus, Carolin Bernarda, Franziska Anna kleine Kruthaup, Fritjof Freise, Swetlana Herbrandt, Elisabeth große Beilage, and Michaela Fels. 2024. "Effects of Two Different Methods of Teeth Grinding on Dental Injuries, Skin Lesions, Growth and Behaviour of Suckling Piglets Compared to a Non-Treated Control Group" Animals 14, no. 9: 1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14091318
APA StyleTimphaus, C. B., kleine Kruthaup, F. A., Freise, F., Herbrandt, S., große Beilage, E., & Fels, M. (2024). Effects of Two Different Methods of Teeth Grinding on Dental Injuries, Skin Lesions, Growth and Behaviour of Suckling Piglets Compared to a Non-Treated Control Group. Animals, 14(9), 1318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14091318