Evaluating the Effects of Some Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts on Feed Degradability, Microbial Protein Yield, and Total Gas Production In Vitro
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Plant Materials
2.2. Preparation of Plant Extracts
2.3. Chemical Analysis of Substrate
2.4. Preparation of Incubation Medium
2.5. In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Themeda triandra Hay
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Composition of the Substrate (Themeda triandra Hay)
3.2. Dry Matter Degradability, Microbial Protein Yield and Gas Production of Themeda triandra Hay
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scientific Name | Common Name | Family Name | Part Used |
---|---|---|---|
Acacia nilotica L. | Gum Arabic | Fabaceae | Leaves |
Acacia nilotica L. | Gum Arabic (pod) | Fabaceae | Pods with seeds |
Acacia sieberiana DC. | Paperbark | Fabaceae | Leaves |
Allium cepa L. | Onions | Liliaceae | Bulbs |
Allium sativum L. | Garlic | Liliaceae | Bulbs |
Aloe ferox Mill. | Aloe | Asphodelaceae | Leaves |
Ananas comosus (L) Merr. | Pineapple | Bromeliaceae | Leaves |
Camellia japonica L. | Tea | Theaceae | Leaves |
Carica papaya L. | Pawpaw | Caricaceae | Leaves |
Carya illinoinensis K.Koch | Pecan | Juglandaceae | Kernel shell |
Cichorium intybus L. | Chicory | Asteraceae | Leaves |
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck | Lemon | Rutaceae | Leaves |
Coffea arabica L. | coffee | Rubiaceae | Leaves |
Ficus benjamina L. | Weeping fig | Moraceae | Leaves |
Ficus natalensis Hochst. | Natal fig | Moraceae | Leaves |
Moringa oleifera Lam. | Drumstick | Moringaceae | Leaves |
Morus nigra L. | Mulberry | Moraceae | Leaves |
Persea Americana Mill. | Avocado | Lauraceae | Leaves |
Psidium guajava L. | Guava | Myrtaceae | Leaves |
Tulbaghia violacea Harv. | Wild garlic | Alliaceae | Whole plant |
Vernonia amygdalina Delile | Bitter leaf | Asteraceae | Leaves |
Zingiber officinale Roscoe | Ginger | Zingiberceae | Rhizomes |
Treatments | Apdeg (mg g−1 DM) | Trdeg (mg g−1 DM) | NDFD (mg g−1 DM) | MY (mg g−1 DM) | GP (mL g−1 DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia nilotica | 122 ab | 437 ab | 176 ab | 315 | 41 abcd |
Acacia nilotica (pods) | 146 ab | 437 ab | 176 ab | 291 | 23 bcd |
Acacia sieberiana | 191 a | 479 ab | 218 ab | 288 | 49 ab |
Allium cepa | 214 a | 490 ab | 229 ab | 277 | 40 abcd |
Allium sativum | 233 a | 460 ab | 199 ab | 227 | 42 abc |
Aloe ferox | 201 a | 499 ab | 238 ab | 298 | 41 abcd |
Ananas comosus | 201 a | 490 ab | 229 ab | 289 | 46 abc |
Camellia japonica | 232 a | 488 ab | 227 ab | 256 | 46 abc |
Carica papaya | 171 ab | 482 ab | 221 ab | 311 | 41 abcd |
Carya illinoinensis | −16 b | 407 b | 146 b | 423 | 6 d |
Cichorium intybus | 239 a | 458 ab | 197 ab | 220 | 62 a |
Citrus limon | 222 a | 492 ab | 231 ab | 269 | 51 ab |
Coffea arabica | 119 ab | 475 ab | 214 ab | 356 | 46 abc |
Ficus benjamina | 137 ab | 465 ab | 204 ab | 328 | 33 abcd |
Ficus natalensis | 174 ab | 483 ab | 222 ab | 309 | 43 abc |
Moringa oleifera | 151 ab | 493 ab | 232 ab | 341 | 46 abc |
Morus nigra | 243 a | 498 ab | 237 ab | 254 | 42 abc |
Persea Americana | 135 ab | 480 ab | 219 ab | 345 | 38 abcd |
Psidium guajava | 148 ab | 447 ab | 186 ab | 299 | 33 abcd |
Tulbaghia violacea | 161 ab | 511 a | 250 a | 350 | 36 abcd |
Vernonia amygdalina | 204 a | 481 ab | 220 ab | 277 | 50 ab |
Zingiber officinale | 212 a | 474 ab | 213 ab | 262 | 48 ab |
Monensin sodium | 146 ab | 452 ab | 191 ab | 306 | 13 cd |
Control | 255 a | 490 ab | 229 ab | 235 | 42 abc |
MSD | 198.41 | 96.93 | 96.93 | 246.83 | 34.98 |
RMSE | 62.89 | 30.72 | 30.72 | 78.24 | 11.09 |
Treatment effect | ** | * | * | NS | *** |
Treatments | Apdeg (mg g−1 DM) | Trdeg (mg g−1 DM) | NDFD (mg g−1 DM) | MY (mg g−1 DM) | GP (mL g−1 DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia nilotica | 313 a | 540 ab | 279 ab | 227 ab | 89 abcdefgh |
Acacia nilotica (pods) | 278 a | 533 ab | 272 ab | 255 ab | 53 fgh |
Acacia sieberiana | 383 a | 556 ab | 295 ab | 173 b | 98 abcdefg |
Allium cepa | 376 a | 554 ab | 293 ab | 177 b | 117 abcde |
Allium sativum | 319 a | 562 ab | 301 ab | 243 ab | 130 ab |
Aloe ferox | 322 a | 518 ab | 257 ab | 196 b | 101 abcdef |
Ananas comosus | 344 a | 552 ab | 291 ab | 208 b | 87 abcdefgh |
Camellia japonica | 263 a | 552 ab | 291 ab | 290 ab | 64 efgh |
Carica papaya | 289 a | 587 a | 326 a | 298 ab | 118 abcde |
Carya illinoinensis | 46 b | 484 b | 223 b | 438 a | 62 defgh |
Cichorium intybus | 304 a | 564 ab | 303 ab | 260 ab | 123 abc |
Citrus limon | 385 a | 558 ab | 297 ab | 173 b | 140 a |
Coffea arabica | 322 a | 533 ab | 272 ab | 212 b | 127 ab |
Ficus benjamina | 304 a | 556 ab | 295 ab | 252 ab | 100 abcdefg |
Ficus natalensis | 318 a | 561 ab | 300 ab | 242 ab | 104 abcdef |
Moringa oleifera | 253 a | 545 ab | 284 ab | 292 ab | 109 abcdef |
Morus nigra | 338 a | 528 ab | 267 ab | 190 b | 44 gh |
Persea Americana | 325 a | 552 ab | 291 ab | 227 ab | 40 h |
Psidium guajava | 238 ab | 499 ab | 238 ab | 261 ab | 92 abcdefgh |
Tulbaghia violacea | 310 a | 530 ab | 269 ab | 220 ab | 119 abcde |
Vernonia amygdalina | 205 ab | 549 ab | 288 ab | 344 ab | 121 abcd |
Zingiber officinale | 296 a | 567 ab | 306 ab | 271 ab | 117 abcde |
Monensin sodium | 327 a | 561 ab | 300 ab | 234 ab | 66 cdefgh |
Control | 382 a | 532 ab | 271 ab | 151 b | 104 abcdef |
MSD | 196.79 | 92.48 | 92.48 | 220.78 | 58.14 |
RMSE | 62.38 | 29.31 | 29.31 | 69.98 | 18.43 |
Treatment effect | *** | * | * | ** | *** |
16 h Incubation | 48 h Incubation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Treatments | pH | PF | pH | PF |
Acacia nilotica | 6.89 ab | 11.7 c | 6.72 ab | 6.14 cdef |
Acacia nilotica (pods) | 6.89 ab | 19.7 c | 6.74 ab | 10.52 abc |
Acacia sieberiana | 6.87 ab | 10.1 c | 6.73 ab | 6.13 cdef |
Allium cepa | 6.83 ab | 13.5 c | 6.64 ab | 4.83 ef |
Allium sativum | 6.82 ab | 11.0 c | 6.67 ab | 4.46 ef |
Aloe ferox | 6.84 ab | 12.2 c | 6.78 ab | 5.31 def |
Ananas comosus | 6.85 ab | 10.9 c | 6.68 ab | 6.50 cdef |
Camellia japonica | 6.85 ab | 10.8 c | 6.72 ab | 9.79 abcd |
Carica papaya | 6.88 ab | 12.3 c | 6.72 ab | 5.08 ef |
Carya illinoinensis | 6.96 a | 66.7 a | 6.91 a | 8.23 bcdef |
Cichorium intybus | 6.84 ab | 7.8 c | 6.66 ab | 4.72 ef |
Citrus limon | 6.85 ab | 10.0 c | 6.78 ab | 4.04 f |
Coffea arabica | 6.90 ab | 10.7 c | 6.76 ab | 4.28 ef |
Ficus benjamina | 6.92 ab | 15.6 c | 6.72 ab | 5.63 def |
Ficus natalensis | 6.81 b | 11.7 c | 6.79 ab | 5.46 def |
Moringa oleifera | 6.85 ab | 11.8 c | 6.58 b | 5.13 def |
Morus nigra | 6.85 ab | 11.9 c | 6.75 ab | 12.56 ab |
Persea Americana | 6.87 ab | 12.9 c | 6.83 ab | 14.32 a |
Psidium guajava | 6.91 ab | 14.4 c | 6.70 ab | 5.47 def |
Tulbaghia violacea | 6.80 b | 17.1 c | 6.62 b | 4.62 ef |
Vernonia amygdalina | 6.85 ab | 10.5 c | 6.64 ab | 4.59 ef |
Zingiber officinale | 6.84 ab | 11.4 c | 6.65 ab | 4.84 ef |
Monensin sodium | 6.96 a | 36.7 b | 6.79 ab | 8.80 bcde |
Control | 6.88 ab | 11.1 c | 6.78 ab | 5.12 def |
MSD | 0.14 | 14.3 | 0.29 | 4.71 |
RMSE | 0.05 | 4.5 | 0.09 | 1.49 |
Treatment effect | ** | *** | * | *** |
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Abd’quadri-Abojukoro, A.N.; Nsahlai, I.V. Evaluating the Effects of Some Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts on Feed Degradability, Microbial Protein Yield, and Total Gas Production In Vitro. Animals 2023, 13, 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040702
Abd’quadri-Abojukoro AN, Nsahlai IV. Evaluating the Effects of Some Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts on Feed Degradability, Microbial Protein Yield, and Total Gas Production In Vitro. Animals. 2023; 13(4):702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040702
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbd’quadri-Abojukoro, Aderonke N., and Ignatius V. Nsahlai. 2023. "Evaluating the Effects of Some Selected Medicinal Plant Extracts on Feed Degradability, Microbial Protein Yield, and Total Gas Production In Vitro" Animals 13, no. 4: 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040702