Reference Intervals and Percentiles for Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values in Captive Bred Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Housing Condition
2.1.1. Outdoor Access
2.1.2. Permanent Indoor Housing but with a History of Outdoor Access (see Section 2.1.1)
2.2. Data Collection and Analysis
2.3. Investigated Variables
- Age: macaques < 4 and ≥4 years of age were compared. The age of 4 years was selected as macaques are considered to reach sexual maturity at the age of 4 years;
- Gender: males versus females;
- Weight-to-height ratio assessed by weight-for-height indices (WHI). The best measure of relative adiposity and explored the boundaries of overweight and underweight in captive group-housed rhesus and cynomolgus macaques is a species-specific WHI with height to the power of 3.0 (rhesus macaques) and 2.7 (cynomolgus macaques) as it depended least on height and showed high correlation with other relative adiposity measures [38]. For rhesus macaques, a WHI > 67, and for cynomolgus macaques, a WHI > 62 were set as overweight. Only adult animals were included in this comparison;
- Sedation protocol: ketamine (years 2018–2019) and a combination of ketamine with medetomidine (years 2020–2021) were compared, both administered intramuscularly. The animals were sedated with a predetermined dose, based on their last noted weight, resulting in a dose of approximately: (A) 10 mg/kg ketamine (ketamine 10%; Alfasan Nederland BV, Woerden, Netherlands); (B) ketamine (10 mg/kg, ketamine 10%; Alfasan Nederland BV, Woerden, Netherlands) combined with medetomidine (0.05 mg/kg, Sedastart; AST Farma BV, Oudewater, Netherlands). After finishing the procedures, the animals were allowed to return to their enclosure, and atipamezole (0.25 mg/kg, Sedastop; AST Farma BV, Oudewater, Netherlands) was administered intramuscularly;
- Outdoor access versus permanent indoor housing with a history of outdoor access (Section 2.1.1 versus Section 2.1.2). Only rhesus macaques ≥ 4 years of age were included. The cynomolgus macaques were not included because of the small sample size;
- Pregnancy: 57 rhesus and 40 cynomolgus macaques were determined to be pregnant by a veterinarian at the moment of blood sampling. The values were compared with nonpregnant females (1407 rhesus and 353 cynomolgus macaques).
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Temporal Trends and Sedation Protocol
Labtest (Unit) | Gender | Age | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALB (g/L) | F | <4 | 571 | 41.89 | 3.38 | 42.01 | 40.09 | 43.87 | 34.42 | 48.24 | 20.63 | 49.81 |
F | ≥4 | 1463 | 40.21 | 3.78 | 40.58 | 38.66 | 42.58 | 30.27 | 46.23 | 20.06 | 51.60 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 42.25 | 2.94 | 42.32 | 40.72 | 44.21 | 36.66 | 47.27 | 24.31 | 50.89 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 42.91 | 3.16 | 43.09 | 41.22 | 44.78 | 35.77 | 48.55 | 22.95 | 51.54 | |
TP (g/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 61.64 | 3.94 | 61.20 | 59.10 | 63.80 | 54.63 | 69.79 | 43.70 | 77.10 |
F | ≥4 | 1464 | 63.57 | 4.64 | 63.60 | 60.90 | 66.20 | 54.16 | 73.20 | 38.90 | 81.20 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 61.37 | 3.53 | 61.50 | 59.20 | 63.53 | 55.00 | 68.52 | 41.90 | 73.70 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 63.78 | 3.71 | 63.65 | 61.30 | 66.20 | 57.04 | 71.00 | 49.00 | 79.90 | |
ALP (U/L) | F | <4 | 571 | 559.2 | 224.6 | 524.2 | 392.2 | 687.7 | 236.2 | 1105.8 | 138.4 | 1390.4 |
F | ≥4 | 1466 | 172.4 | 77.8 | 152.6 | 121.5 | 202.4 | 79.2 | 374.5 | 48.9 | 787.7 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 668.7 | 199.8 | 643.6 | 531.2 | 780.6 | 361.2 | 1173.1 | 122.6 | 1514.3 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 355.2 | 213.7 | 337.5 | 162.0 | 495.2 | 81.6 | 858.5 | 57.5 | 1056.4 | |
ALT (U/L) | F | <4 | 573 | 30.12 | 10.74 | 28.70 | 23.40 | 35.00 | 14.35 | 58.68 | 9.20 | 84.50 |
F | ≥4 | 1467 | 35.71 | 28.66 | 28.50 | 21.50 | 40.10 | 12.00 | 103.40 | 4.80 | 383.80 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 32.85 | 14.27 | 30.40 | 25.20 | 37.20 | 16.19 | 65.11 | 6.50 | 177.90 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 39.44 | 28.03 | 29.85 | 21.63 | 46.05 | 12.26 | 124.79 | 7.80 | 181.60 | |
AST (U/L) | F | <4 | 573 | 39.74 | 16.17 | 37.00 | 30.10 | 46.00 | 18.97 | 78.59 | 12.40 | 183.60 |
F | ≥4 | 1466 | 31.41 | 17.36 | 28.50 | 23.53 | 35.30 | 15.40 | 61.77 | 8.60 | 347.60 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 42.52 | 18.54 | 38.60 | 32.78 | 47.90 | 20.14 | 83.95 | 14.10 | 215.20 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 31.13 | 11.67 | 29.35 | 24.43 | 35.05 | 15.52 | 61.21 | 11.60 | 159.60 | |
GGT (U/L) | F | <4 | 572 | 74.90 | 24.01 | 72.60 | 56.10 | 90.80 | 37.33 | 125.94 | 25.00 | 169.20 |
F | ≥4 | 1465 | 46.13 | 11.48 | 45.00 | 39.10 | 52.60 | 26.27 | 70.37 | 5.40 | 125.90 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 90.33 | 23.17 | 88.95 | 75.20 | 102.10 | 46.82 | 141.02 | 31.50 | 179.40 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 70.83 | 23.01 | 67.50 | 53.83 | 83.98 | 33.70 | 124.49 | 26.60 | 170.80 | |
LDH (U/L) | F | <4 | 571 | 461.1 | 201.7 | 414.0 | 333.0 | 540.0 | 215.0 | 968.6 | 151.0 | 1733.0 |
F | ≥4 | 1464 | 425.2 | 206.7 | 380.0 | 296.0 | 497.3 | 201.0 | 844.3 | 142.0 | 2807.0 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 477.7 | 178.7 | 451.0 | 346.0 | 576.3 | 239.0 | 889.6 | 166.0 | 1395.0 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 436.7 | 193.6 | 394.0 | 292.3 | 534.0 | 189.2 | 901.7 | 158.0 | 1447.0 | |
TBIL (µmol/L) | F | <4 | 561 | 1.31 | 0.82 | 1.10 | 0.70 | 1.80 | 0.10 | 3.39 | 0.00 | 4.60 |
F | ≥4 | 1389 | 1.12 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.50 | 1.50 | 0.10 | 3.13 | 0.00 | 11.80 | |
M | <4 | 493 | 1.39 | 0.82 | 1.20 | 0.80 | 1.80 | 0.20 | 3.50 | 0.00 | 4.20 | |
M | ≥4 | 478 | 1.18 | 0.68 | 1.00 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 0.20 | 2.80 | 0.00 | 4.40 | |
Chol (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 3.43 | 0.73 | 3.34 | 2.96 | 3.80 | 2.33 | 5.30 | 0.86 | 6.11 |
F | ≥4 | 1465 | 3.43 | 0.63 | 3.43 | 3.02 | 3.81 | 2.12 | 4.78 | 0.99 | 6.20 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 3.52 | 0.69 | 3.43 | 3.03 | 3.95 | 2.43 | 5.12 | 2.23 | 6.35 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 3.21 | 0.58 | 3.17 | 2.81 | 3.57 | 2.18 | 4.50 | 1.90 | 5.08 | |
Cl (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 573 | 107.4 | 2.8 | 107.3 | 105.7 | 109.2 | 102.2 | 112.6 | 93.2 | 114.6 |
F | ≥4 | 1463 | 107.5 | 2.8 | 107.5 | 105.6 | 109.4 | 101.8 | 112.9 | 96.8 | 116.4 | |
M | <4 | 495 | 106.6 | 2.9 | 106.6 | 104.9 | 108.4 | 101.2 | 112.1 | 89.5 | 114.1 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 105.4 | 2.5 | 105.5 | 103.8 | 107.0 | 100.9 | 110.6 | 96.7 | 118.6 | |
BIC (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 572 | 22.44 | 3.69 | 22.75 | 20.70 | 24.80 | 14.53 | 28.17 | 0.80 | 31.70 |
F | ≥4 | 1466 | 23.45 | 3.77 | 23.70 | 21.40 | 25.70 | 15.34 | 30.30 | 0.10 | 36.50 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 22.76 | 3.72 | 22.75 | 20.60 | 25.20 | 15.34 | 30.42 | 4.10 | 34.00 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 24.80 | 3.79 | 24.90 | 22.30 | 27.10 | 17.52 | 31.97 | 0.70 | 34.40 | |
Fe (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 572 | 17.26 | 5.86 | 16.96 | 13.20 | 21.05 | 6.55 | 28.62 | 0.79 | 40.88 |
F | ≥4 | 1465 | 18.83 | 6.47 | 18.63 | 14.40 | 22.94 | 6.53 | 31.26 | 1.90 | 62.45 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 18.14 | 5.83 | 17.80 | 14.01 | 21.71 | 8.15 | 31.12 | 4.08 | 37.03 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 23.37 | 5.75 | 23.09 | 19.67 | 27.18 | 12.75 | 34.47 | 5.43 | 41.31 | |
K (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 564 | 3.49 | 0.39 | 3.44 | 3.26 | 3.66 | 2.92 | 4.33 | 1.96 | 6.07 |
F | ≥4 | 1437 | 3.58 | 0.36 | 3.57 | 3.36 | 3.76 | 2.94 | 4.32 | 1.24 | 6.38 | |
M | <4 | 490 | 3.54 | 0.35 | 3.51 | 3.33 | 3.70 | 2.96 | 4.42 | 1.84 | 5.65 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 3.70 | 0.33 | 3.69 | 3.50 | 3.89 | 3.17 | 4.38 | 2.50 | 5.39 | |
Na (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 572 | 146.1 | 2.7 | 146.2 | 144.6 | 147.8 | 140.9 | 151.0 | 128.0 | 154.6 |
F | ≥4 | 1463 | 145.6 | 2.7 | 145.7 | 143.9 | 147.4 | 139.8 | 150.6 | 130.5 | 155.0 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 146.3 | 3.0 | 146.7 | 144.7 | 148.0 | 140.9 | 151.2 | 127.2 | 154.8 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 146.2 | 2.5 | 146.5 | 144.7 | 147.8 | 141.1 | 150.7 | 132.6 | 151.9 | |
Phos (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 571 | 1.74 | 0.38 | 1.72 | 1.50 | 1.97 | 0.98 | 2.53 | 0.69 | 3.28 |
F | ≥4 | 1464 | 1.12 | 0.39 | 1.07 | 0.86 | 1.32 | 0.54 | 2.00 | 0.30 | 4.26 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 1.87 | 0.32 | 1.87 | 1.65 | 2.06 | 1.27 | 2.52 | 0.89 | 3.17 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 1.45 | 0.36 | 1.46 | 1.20 | 1.70 | 0.75 | 2.17 | 0.30 | 2.51 | |
Ca (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 2.40 | 0.14 | 2.40 | 2.31 | 2.50 | 2.14 | 2.68 | 1.34 | 2.83 |
F | ≥4 | 1466 | 2.32 | 0.13 | 2.32 | 2.22 | 2.41 | 2.06 | 2.59 | 1.89 | 3.04 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 2.40 | 0.13 | 2.39 | 2.30 | 2.48 | 2.18 | 2.65 | 2.09 | 2.97 | |
M | ≥4 | 484 | 2.39 | 0.11 | 2.39 | 2.32 | 2.46 | 2.16 | 2.63 | 1.96 | 2.72 | |
URE (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 571 | 7.37 | 1.47 | 7.24 | 6.38 | 8.23 | 4.69 | 10.63 | 3.22 | 13.34 |
F | ≥4 | 1465 | 6.53 | 1.41 | 6.39 | 5.53 | 7.34 | 4.12 | 9.77 | 3.32 | 12.41 | |
M | <4 | 496 | 7.57 | 1.65 | 7.34 | 6.58 | 8.40 | 4.87 | 11.05 | 3.52 | 22.50 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 6.74 | 1.32 | 6.59 | 5.85 | 7.50 | 4.43 | 9.72 | 2.68 | 11.53 | |
Cre (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 571 | 57.22 | 13.58 | 56.30 | 47.90 | 64.50 | 36.10 | 90.04 | 23.40 | 136.60 |
F | ≥4 | 1461 | 77.32 | 14.49 | 75.90 | 67.20 | 85.20 | 53.51 | 109.03 | 40.00 | 188.40 | |
M | <4 | 495 | 60.04 | 14.29 | 58.60 | 49.00 | 69.05 | 34.88 | 90.14 | 29.30 | 131.20 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 86.76 | 16.26 | 84.60 | 75.10 | 95.70 | 60.28 | 126.99 | 48.80 | 146.20 |
Labtest (Unit) | Gender | Age | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RBC (1012/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 5.51 | 0.37 | 5.51 | 5.28 | 5.75 | 4.76 | 6.24 | 4.20 | 6.88 |
F | ≥4 | 1467 | 5.46 | 0.43 | 5.47 | 5.22 | 5.72 | 4.52 | 6.27 | 2.70 | 6.87 | |
M | <4 | 487 | 5.62 | 0.40 | 5.57 | 5.37 | 5.87 | 4.97 | 6.44 | 3.55 | 7.32 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 5.71 | 0.37 | 5.71 | 5.47 | 5.94 | 5.03 | 6.46 | 4.35 | 6.73 | |
HGB (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 8.01 | 0.49 | 8.00 | 7.70 | 8.30 | 7.00 | 9.00 | 6.20 | 9.50 |
F | ≥4 | 1467 | 8.01 | 0.59 | 8.10 | 7.70 | 8.40 | 6.60 | 9.00 | 4.30 | 10.10 | |
M | <4 | 487 | 8.13 | 0.51 | 8.10 | 7.80 | 8.50 | 7.30 | 9.08 | 5.10 | 9.50 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 8.49 | 0.48 | 8.50 | 8.20 | 8.80 | 7.50 | 9.30 | 6.30 | 10.00 | |
HCT (L/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.45 |
F | ≥4 | 1467 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.49 | |
M | <4 | 487 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.46 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 0.41 | 0.36 | 0.45 | 0.32 | 0.46 | |
MCV (fL) | F | <4 | 570 | 68.52 | 2.67 | 68.60 | 66.93 | 70.20 | 62.73 | 73.77 | 58.30 | 75.50 |
F | ≥4 | 1468 | 69.60 | 2.83 | 69.50 | 67.70 | 71.50 | 64.20 | 74.90 | 58.70 | 83.30 | |
M | <4 | 488 | 67.65 | 2.73 | 67.60 | 65.60 | 69.50 | 62.65 | 72.96 | 56.10 | 75.30 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 69.96 | 2.84 | 69.90 | 68.10 | 71.90 | 64.60 | 75.58 | 61.00 | 78.90 | |
MCHC (amol) | F | <4 | 570 | 1454.9 | 61.7 | 1455.0 | 1419.3 | 1492.8 | 1325.6 | 1568.5 | 1170.0 | 1643.0 |
F | ≥4 | 1468 | 1470.8 | 74.3 | 1470.0 | 1431.0 | 1508.0 | 1353.0 | 1587.3 | 1039.0 | 2791.0 | |
M | <4 | 487 | 1447.1 | 60.5 | 1448.0 | 1409.5 | 1490.5 | 1321.2 | 1552.4 | 1166.0 | 1635.0 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 1488.6 | 60.9 | 1493.0 | 1454.0 | 1528.0 | 1358.6 | 1592.8 | 1204.0 | 1636.0 | |
MCHC (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 21.24 | 0.53 | 21.30 | 20.90 | 21.60 | 20.30 | 22.20 | 16.40 | 22.80 |
F | ≥4 | 1468 | 21.14 | 0.67 | 21.20 | 20.80 | 21.40 | 20.07 | 22.00 | 15.40 | 33.60 | |
M | <4 | 487 | 21.40 | 0.57 | 21.50 | 21.10 | 21.70 | 20.42 | 22.30 | 16.30 | 22.80 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 21.28 | 0.55 | 21.30 | 21.00 | 21.60 | 20.30 | 22.18 | 17.20 | 22.80 | |
PLT (109/L) | F | <4 | 569 | 330.9 | 73.7 | 335.0 | 287.0 | 376.0 | 162.8 | 470.3 | 55.0 | 589.0 |
F | ≥4 | 1467 | 312.4 | 74.7 | 308.0 | 265.0 | 358.0 | 178.0 | 464.6 | 66.0 | 726.0 | |
M | <4 | 486 | 319.2 | 76.3 | 323.0 | 273.0 | 366.0 | 151.4 | 454.7 | 122.0 | 628.0 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 298.5 | 68.2 | 302.0 | 256.0 | 346.0 | 150.0 | 419.9 | 69.0 | 511.0 | |
PDW (fL) | F | <4 | 541 | 13.47 | 2.16 | 13.10 | 11.90 | 14.70 | 10.16 | 18.45 | 9.10 | 21.80 |
F | ≥4 | 1450 | 12.68 | 1.94 | 12.50 | 11.30 | 13.80 | 9.50 | 17.30 | 8.40 | 21.00 | |
M | <4 | 467 | 12.87 | 2.18 | 12.40 | 11.30 | 14.10 | 9.57 | 18.63 | 9.00 | 21.60 | |
M | ≥4 | 478 | 12.35 | 1.83 | 12.10 | 11.10 | 13.30 | 9.10 | 17.00 | 8.60 | 19.40 | |
MPV (fL) | F | <4 | 541 | 11.46 | 0.92 | 11.40 | 10.80 | 12.20 | 9.80 | 13.15 | 9.10 | 14.20 |
F | ≥4 | 1450 | 11.12 | 0.95 | 11.10 | 10.40 | 11.80 | 9.20 | 12.90 | 8.60 | 13.80 | |
M | <4 | 467 | 11.12 | 0.97 | 11.10 | 10.40 | 11.80 | 9.30 | 13.00 | 8.60 | 14.50 | |
M | ≥4 | 478 | 10.97 | 0.96 | 10.90 | 10.30 | 11.60 | 9.00 | 12.80 | 8.50 | 13.80 | |
P-LCR (%) | F | <4 | 541 | 36.07 | 6.68 | 36.20 | 31.00 | 41.40 | 22.70 | 48.55 | 17.10 | 56.60 |
F | ≥4 | 1450 | 33.68 | 7.30 | 34.00 | 28.40 | 39.00 | 18.40 | 47.07 | 13.50 | 53.70 | |
M | <4 | 467 | 33.44 | 7.18 | 33.30 | 28.30 | 38.70 | 19.20 | 46.93 | 15.10 | 58.10 | |
M | ≥4 | 478 | 32.39 | 7.32 | 32.30 | 27.60 | 37.70 | 16.99 | 45.81 | 12.50 | 54.30 | |
PCT (%) | F | <4 | 541 | 0.383 | 0.065 | 0.380 | 0.340 | 0.420 | 0.236 | 0.510 | 0.150 | 0.620 |
F | ≥4 | 1449 | 0.345 | 0.066 | 0.340 | 0.300 | 0.380 | 0.220 | 0.478 | 0.100 | 0.660 | |
M | <4 | 466 | 0.358 | 0.065 | 0.360 | 0.320 | 0.400 | 0.217 | 0.473 | 0.140 | 0.610 | |
M | ≥4 | 477 | 0.327 | 0.059 | 0.330 | 0.290 | 0.370 | 0.200 | 0.430 | 0.110 | 0.550 | |
WBC (109/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 13.55 | 4.79 | 13.03 | 10.02 | 16.22 | 6.13 | 23.73 | 4.57 | 39.88 |
F | ≥4 | 1468 | 12.11 | 5.33 | 11.23 | 8.00 | 15.47 | 4.47 | 24.21 | 1.16 | 35.79 | |
M | <4 | 488 | 12.20 | 4.33 | 11.61 | 9.03 | 14.89 | 5.42 | 22.54 | 3.25 | 26.59 | |
M | ≥4 | 486 | 9.46 | 4.03 | 8.43 | 6.77 | 11.23 | 4.43 | 20.39 | 2.65 | 27.32 | |
Neut (109/L) | F | <4 | 568 | 9.25 | 4.80 | 8.53 | 5.69 | 11.90 | 2.37 | 19.03 | 1.36 | 31.63 |
F | ≥4 | 1458 | 9.32 | 5.22 | 8.31 | 5.08 | 12.73 | 2.20 | 21.08 | 0.89 | 32.62 | |
M | <4 | 481 | 7.97 | 4.30 | 7.36 | 4.46 | 10.57 | 1.93 | 18.18 | 0.93 | 23.75 | |
M | ≥4 | 478 | 6.15 | 3.86 | 5.11 | 3.51 | 7.63 | 1.78 | 17.44 | 1.21 | 25.63 | |
Mono (109/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 0.660 | 0.313 | 0.610 | 0.443 | 0.810 | 0.220 | 1.420 | 0.070 | 2.500 |
F | ≥4 | 1467 | 0.636 | 0.313 | 0.580 | 0.410 | 0.780 | 0.230 | 1.393 | 0.090 | 3.010 | |
M | <4 | 488 | 0.578 | 0.257 | 0.540 | 0.390 | 0.720 | 0.210 | 1.226 | 0.100 | 1.620 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 0.559 | 0.245 | 0.510 | 0.380 | 0.690 | 0.220 | 1.119 | 0.040 | 1.680 | |
Lymph (109/L) | F | <4 | 570 | 3.456 | 1.620 | 3.060 | 2.333 | 4.260 | 1.360 | 7.668 | 0.870 | 11.770 |
F | ≥4 | 1467 | 2.067 | 0.968 | 1.870 | 1.390 | 2.535 | 0.790 | 4.519 | 0.140 | 8.460 | |
M | <4 | 488 | 3.523 | 1.541 | 3.270 | 2.370 | 4.265 | 1.351 | 7.598 | 0.940 | 9.440 | |
M | ≥4 | 485 | 2.644 | 1.152 | 2.450 | 1.820 | 3.250 | 0.873 | 5.648 | 0.470 | 7.250 | |
Eo (109/L) | F | <4 | 554 | 0.148 | 0.188 | 0.070 | 0.010 | 0.220 | 0.000 | 0.691 | 0.000 | 1.090 |
F | ≥4 | 1415 | 0.092 | 0.128 | 0.040 | 0.000 | 0.130 | 0.000 | 0.460 | 0.000 | 0.830 | |
M | <4 | 470 | 0.138 | 0.169 | 0.070 | 0.010 | 0.210 | 0.000 | 0.650 | 0.000 | 0.900 | |
M | ≥4 | 462 | 0.114 | 0.150 | 0.055 | 0.000 | 0.168 | 0.000 | 0.580 | 0.000 | 0.910 | |
Baso (109/L) | F | <4 | 569 | 0.019 | 0.014 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.000 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.180 |
F | ≥4 | 1454 | 0.011 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.030 | 0.000 | 0.080 | |
M | <4 | 488 | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.000 | 0.040 | 0.000 | 0.090 | |
M | ≥4 | 472 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.030 | 0.000 | 0.060 |
Labtest (Unit) | Gender | Age | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALB (g/L) | F | <4 | 204 | 41.22 | 4.10 | 41.67 | 39.27 | 44.05 | 29.06 | 46.97 | 24.15 | 47.47 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 38.00 | 4.16 | 38.31 | 36.01 | 40.65 | 28.39 | 45.58 | 23.45 | 48.72 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 41.96 | 2.27 | 41.91 | 40.42 | 43.60 | 37.74 | 46.23 | 35.59 | 48.96 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 40.50 | 3.67 | 40.85 | 38.14 | 43.27 | 33.02 | 47.03 | 28.33 | 48.03 | |
TP (g/L) | F | <4 | 203 | 62.58 | 4.24 | 62.30 | 59.75 | 65.40 | 54.74 | 71.36 | 47.30 | 73.90 |
F | ≥4 | 391 | 67.63 | 5.46 | 67.70 | 64.05 | 71.00 | 57.60 | 79.12 | 50.30 | 83.50 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 62.63 | 3.61 | 62.50 | 59.90 | 64.90 | 55.94 | 69.92 | 53.00 | 73.10 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 65.99 | 4.04 | 66.45 | 63.38 | 68.65 | 57.94 | 73.38 | 54.80 | 75.60 | |
ALP (U/L) | F | <4 | 205 | 645.6 | 286.4 | 631.5 | 445.9 | 790.0 | 185.3 | 1326.7 | 91.1 | 1617.8 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 187.4 | 93.1 | 170.3 | 129.9 | 220.3 | 78.1 | 411.9 | 56.7 | 899.7 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 757.2 | 243.3 | 705.7 | 581.1 | 902.8 | 385.9 | 1378.4 | 284.6 | 1544.2 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 296.1 | 263.2 | 225.9 | 103.5 | 402.9 | 45.0 | 1085.2 | 42.6 | 1551.1 | |
ALT (U/L) | F | <4 | 205 | 36.99 | 15.01 | 35.50 | 28.30 | 44.60 | 11.80 | 77.76 | 5.90 | 104.20 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 42.03 | 32.74 | 34.35 | 24.95 | 49.23 | 13.60 | 112.64 | 5.30 | 377.00 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 40.86 | 17.81 | 38.30 | 30.05 | 47.85 | 18.04 | 81.04 | 12.10 | 145.40 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 33.37 | 17.78 | 28.60 | 22.25 | 39.15 | 12.35 | 91.54 | 8.60 | 101.20 | |
AST (U/L) | F | <4 | 205 | 45.90 | 16.48 | 44.10 | 34.10 | 52.00 | 23.92 | 91.39 | 13.10 | 135.50 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 40.59 | 15.09 | 37.80 | 30.98 | 48.43 | 20.23 | 81.75 | 15.20 | 123.80 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 48.33 | 30.16 | 45.10 | 35.35 | 52.95 | 23.84 | 91.12 | 19.10 | 420.20 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 35.53 | 13.19 | 32.60 | 28.25 | 40.30 | 18.34 | 71.34 | 14.70 | 119.80 | |
GGT (U/L) | F | <4 | 204 | 86.87 | 39.04 | 81.70 | 61.98 | 102.35 | 38.44 | 156.75 | 24.80 | 401.20 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 57.78 | 31.97 | 52.35 | 43.28 | 60.98 | 25.96 | 146.09 | 14.40 | 338.30 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 101.61 | 27.56 | 101.50 | 81.90 | 119.55 | 55.98 | 159.98 | 37.00 | 182.60 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 81.48 | 38.84 | 74.25 | 58.60 | 95.80 | 28.61 | 195.70 | 25.80 | 301.60 | |
LDH (U/L) | F | <4 | 204 | 636.8 | 216.1 | 606.5 | 480.5 | 751.0 | 327.1 | 1172.8 | 245.0 | 1536.0 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 648.4 | 290.0 | 600.0 | 448.5 | 752.3 | 278.0 | 1482.9 | 220.0 | 2116.0 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 701.6 | 311.4 | 624.0 | 508.0 | 793.0 | 334.0 | 1485.0 | 298.0 | 3115.0 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 611.1 | 262.0 | 568.5 | 422.0 | 751.5 | 235.7 | 1357.5 | 204.0 | 1414.0 | |
TBIL (µmol/L) | F | <4 | 204 | 1.38 | 0.91 | 1.20 | 0.70 | 1.80 | 0.20 | 3.69 | 0.00 | 6.50 |
F | ≥4 | 387 | 1.39 | 0.92 | 1.20 | 0.70 | 1.80 | 0.20 | 3.80 | 0.00 | 6.10 | |
M | <4 | 208 | 1.47 | 0.76 | 1.40 | 0.90 | 2.00 | 0.22 | 3.26 | 0.10 | 4.50 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 1.43 | 0.76 | 1.25 | 0.90 | 1.80 | 0.32 | 3.70 | 0.20 | 4.30 | |
Chol (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 204 | 2.91 | 0.90 | 2.80 | 2.40 | 3.24 | 1.24 | 5.62 | 0.99 | 7.01 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 2.85 | 0.90 | 2.86 | 2.31 | 3.28 | 1.23 | 4.61 | 0.66 | 8.69 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 2.89 | 0.76 | 2.74 | 2.37 | 3.16 | 1.81 | 4.89 | 1.50 | 5.67 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 2.53 | 0.64 | 2.42 | 2.07 | 2.96 | 1.43 | 3.97 | 1.39 | 4.72 | |
Cl (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 203 | 106.2 | 2.5 | 106.5 | 104.5 | 107.9 | 100.9 | 110.9 | 97.8 | 112.3 |
F | ≥4 | 383 | 105.7 | 3.0 | 106.0 | 103.9 | 107.8 | 98.1 | 110.8 | 90.7 | 113.5 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 105.8 | 2.7 | 105.9 | 104.2 | 107.7 | 100.3 | 110.5 | 98.4 | 114.5 | |
M | ≥4 | 123 | 104.6 | 2.4 | 104.7 | 103.2 | 106.2 | 99.1 | 108.9 | 97.3 | 109.8 | |
BIC (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 205 | 20.68 | 3.42 | 21.10 | 19.00 | 22.80 | 12.14 | 26.74 | 5.80 | 27.90 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 21.88 | 3.69 | 22.20 | 19.90 | 24.10 | 13.03 | 29.02 | 5.00 | 32.90 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 21.46 | 3.44 | 21.50 | 19.20 | 23.80 | 12.66 | 28.08 | 9.70 | 29.30 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 23.85 | 3.80 | 24.50 | 21.78 | 26.60 | 12.47 | 30.36 | 11.50 | 32.40 | |
Fe (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 205 | 19.73 | 6.32 | 19.17 | 15.44 | 22.37 | 8.89 | 35.51 | 5.98 | 47.56 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 19.69 | 5.90 | 19.95 | 16.16 | 23.19 | 7.54 | 30.87 | 5.79 | 52.64 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 19.38 | 5.01 | 19.60 | 16.13 | 22.43 | 9.94 | 29.43 | 4.60 | 37.63 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 22.70 | 5.52 | 22.97 | 19.92 | 25.65 | 13.29 | 32.84 | 1.23 | 38.48 | |
K (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 203 | 3.68 | 0.35 | 3.64 | 3.47 | 3.86 | 3.13 | 4.37 | 3.06 | 6.39 |
F | ≥4 | 385 | 3.62 | 0.37 | 3.58 | 3.36 | 3.87 | 3.00 | 4.43 | 2.68 | 5.06 | |
M | <4 | 208 | 3.67 | 0.31 | 3.63 | 3.47 | 3.85 | 3.19 | 4.34 | 2.86 | 4.99 | |
M | ≥4 | 123 | 3.77 | 0.36 | 3.76 | 3.53 | 4.01 | 3.11 | 4.61 | 3.07 | 4.71 | |
Na (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 203 | 143.8 | 2.5 | 143.8 | 142.2 | 145.5 | 138.5 | 148.6 | 135.5 | 150.8 |
F | ≥4 | 386 | 143.1 | 3.2 | 143.3 | 141.2 | 145.0 | 137.2 | 148.2 | 120.4 | 151.1 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 144.1 | 2.3 | 144.3 | 142.6 | 145.7 | 139.3 | 148.8 | 138.6 | 150.0 | |
M | ≥4 | 123 | 144.4 | 2.4 | 144.7 | 143.2 | 146.0 | 137.4 | 147.9 | 136.8 | 148.2 | |
Phos (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 203 | 1.58 | 0.39 | 1.57 | 1.30 | 1.85 | 0.85 | 2.45 | 0.77 | 2.67 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 1.04 | 0.35 | 1.02 | 0.79 | 1.23 | 0.52 | 1.86 | 0.37 | 3.23 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 1.68 | 0.36 | 1.68 | 1.42 | 1.91 | 0.99 | 2.42 | 0.84 | 2.77 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 1.29 | 0.35 | 1.28 | 1.04 | 1.51 | 0.58 | 2.03 | 0.48 | 2.76 | |
Ca (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 204 | 2.45 | 0.14 | 2.45 | 2.37 | 2.55 | 2.15 | 2.71 | 1.95 | 2.77 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 2.32 | 0.14 | 2.31 | 2.22 | 2.41 | 2.01 | 2.62 | 1.93 | 2.74 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 2.44 | 0.11 | 2.44 | 2.35 | 2.50 | 2.20 | 2.68 | 2.13 | 2.74 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 2.37 | 0.12 | 2.36 | 2.29 | 2.43 | 2.17 | 2.68 | 2.14 | 2.75 | |
URE (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 202 | 7.74 | 1.54 | 7.67 | 6.78 | 8.75 | 4.89 | 10.99 | 3.13 | 11.82 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 6.88 | 1.75 | 6.82 | 5.74 | 7.91 | 3.85 | 11.16 | 2.65 | 13.57 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 7.65 | 1.60 | 7.58 | 6.55 | 8.63 | 5.00 | 11.44 | 3.95 | 12.52 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 6.82 | 1.62 | 6.75 | 5.65 | 7.84 | 3.97 | 10.20 | 3.51 | 10.63 | |
Cre (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 203 | 54.69 | 10.79 | 53.70 | 47.30 | 60.15 | 36.47 | 82.38 | 31.00 | 102.40 |
F | ≥4 | 391 | 64.90 | 13.91 | 63.50 | 55.25 | 73.30 | 41.12 | 95.08 | 23.30 | 119.60 | |
M | <4 | 207 | 56.70 | 10.56 | 55.40 | 49.70 | 63.95 | 36.72 | 79.60 | 30.80 | 92.80 | |
M | ≥4 | 128 | 84.67 | 17.17 | 81.75 | 72.18 | 95.83 | 55.98 | 123.13 | 50.50 | 129.40 |
Labtest (Unit) | Gender | Age | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RBC (1012/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 5.64 | 0.47 | 5.65 | 5.38 | 5.91 | 4.59 | 6.60 | 3.96 | 7.08 |
F | ≥4 | 393 | 5.63 | 0.71 | 5.56 | 5.14 | 6.05 | 4.37 | 7.31 | 3.99 | 8.32 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 5.64 | 0.47 | 5.70 | 5.34 | 5.95 | 4.64 | 6.51 | 4.43 | 7.05 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 5.61 | 0.63 | 5.56 | 5.19 | 6.11 | 4.12 | 6.82 | 3.90 | 6.92 | |
HGB (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 7.79 | 0.48 | 7.80 | 7.50 | 8.10 | 6.73 | 8.78 | 6.10 | 8.90 |
F | ≥4 | 393 | 7.44 | 0.67 | 7.40 | 7.00 | 7.90 | 5.90 | 8.70 | 4.70 | 9.30 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 7.89 | 0.45 | 7.90 | 7.60 | 8.20 | 7.00 | 8.70 | 6.90 | 8.90 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 7.97 | 0.46 | 8.00 | 7.70 | 8.30 | 7.00 | 8.90 | 6.80 | 9.10 | |
HCT (L/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.29 | 0.43 |
F | ≥4 | 393 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 0.44 | 0.27 | 0.50 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 0.38 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.43 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.33 | 0.45 | |
MCV (fL) | F | <4 | 209 | 67.55 | 4.30 | 67.60 | 64.40 | 70.20 | 59.23 | 76.38 | 58.00 | 77.30 |
F | ≥4 | 393 | 67.12 | 5.87 | 66.90 | 63.00 | 71.20 | 55.07 | 78.62 | 52.40 | 83.70 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 67.71 | 4.43 | 67.85 | 64.78 | 70.30 | 58.90 | 77.34 | 56.20 | 79.30 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 70.33 | 6.04 | 70.60 | 65.80 | 74.40 | 59.40 | 83.40 | 58.00 | 85.60 | |
MCHC (amol) | F | <4 | 209 | 1387.9 | 100.0 | 1386.0 | 1329.0 | 1452.0 | 1194.3 | 1591.0 | 1052.0 | 1636.0 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 1333.9 | 142.2 | 1326.0 | 1228.5 | 1436.3 | 1069.0 | 1611.5 | 1027.0 | 1723.0 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 1405.1 | 97.0 | 1400.0 | 1354.3 | 1465.3 | 1167.0 | 1605.3 | 1142.0 | 1663.0 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 1435.1 | 140.8 | 1437.0 | 1339.0 | 1540.5 | 1172.2 | 1719.6 | 1160.0 | 1769.0 | |
MCHC (mmol/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 20.54 | 0.64 | 20.60 | 20.20 | 21.00 | 19.23 | 21.68 | 17.60 | 22.20 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 19.86 | 0.81 | 19.90 | 19.30 | 20.50 | 18.28 | 21.30 | 16.70 | 22.10 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 20.76 | 0.62 | 20.80 | 20.40 | 21.20 | 19.40 | 21.87 | 18.80 | 22.20 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 20.40 | 0.63 | 20.40 | 20.00 | 20.80 | 19.04 | 21.60 | 18.80 | 21.80 | |
PLT (109/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 366.2 | 94.0 | 351.0 | 300.0 | 426.0 | 208.3 | 584.0 | 130.0 | 715.0 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 349.0 | 90.9 | 339.0 | 293.0 | 402.5 | 171.1 | 527.5 | 58.0 | 654.0 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 337.7 | 72.8 | 332.5 | 290.0 | 382.8 | 181.8 | 479.0 | 119.0 | 537.0 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 341.7 | 69.5 | 343.0 | 293.0 | 385.0 | 222.4 | 491.4 | 53.0 | 533.0 | |
PDW (fL) | F | <4 | 190 | 13.67 | 1.96 | 13.50 | 12.10 | 15.08 | 10.66 | 18.02 | 10.10 | 19.90 |
F | ≥4 | 377 | 13.24 | 1.94 | 13.00 | 11.80 | 14.50 | 10.25 | 17.66 | 9.20 | 21.80 | |
M | <4 | 200 | 13.01 | 1.89 | 12.60 | 11.80 | 13.93 | 10.20 | 17.88 | 9.70 | 18.90 | |
M | ≥4 | 124 | 12.57 | 1.38 | 12.40 | 11.60 | 13.13 | 10.11 | 15.78 | 9.80 | 16.00 | |
MPV (fL) | F | <4 | 190 | 11.41 | 0.94 | 11.30 | 10.80 | 12.10 | 9.60 | 13.42 | 9.40 | 13.80 |
F | ≥4 | 377 | 11.08 | 0.96 | 11.00 | 10.40 | 11.70 | 9.30 | 13.00 | 8.80 | 14.10 | |
M | <4 | 200 | 11.11 | 0.87 | 11.00 | 10.60 | 11.70 | 9.50 | 12.80 | 9.00 | 13.30 | |
M | ≥4 | 124 | 10.89 | 0.80 | 10.90 | 10.40 | 11.40 | 9.30 | 12.59 | 9.20 | 12.70 | |
P-LCR (%) | F | <4 | 190 | 36.33 | 6.99 | 36.25 | 31.63 | 40.98 | 22.36 | 50.21 | 21.10 | 53.70 |
F | ≥4 | 377 | 34.20 | 7.44 | 33.50 | 29.00 | 39.20 | 19.93 | 48.98 | 15.60 | 55.10 | |
M | <4 | 200 | 33.99 | 6.57 | 33.10 | 29.68 | 38.38 | 21.04 | 47.56 | 18.30 | 51.50 | |
M | ≥4 | 124 | 32.74 | 6.22 | 32.65 | 28.40 | 36.70 | 20.21 | 45.14 | 19.20 | 47.20 | |
PCT (%) | F | <4 | 190 | 0.423 | 0.089 | 0.415 | 0.360 | 0.470 | 0.300 | 0.629 | 0.170 | 0.940 |
F | ≥4 | 377 | 0.388 | 0.079 | 0.380 | 0.340 | 0.440 | 0.229 | 0.546 | 0.160 | 0.710 | |
M | <4 | 200 | 0.378 | 0.070 | 0.370 | 0.330 | 0.420 | 0.260 | 0.520 | 0.160 | 0.630 | |
M | ≥4 | 124 | 0.374 | 0.061 | 0.370 | 0.330 | 0.413 | 0.261 | 0.519 | 0.260 | 0.530 | |
WBC (109/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 13.62 | 4.77 | 12.97 | 9.99 | 16.08 | 6.27 | 25.48 | 5.10 | 33.14 |
F | ≥4 | 393 | 14.05 | 5.92 | 12.90 | 9.82 | 17.52 | 5.04 | 29.02 | 3.81 | 39.81 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 12.46 | 4.62 | 11.49 | 9.57 | 14.02 | 6.19 | 26.93 | 5.31 | 35.88 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 11.04 | 4.19 | 10.13 | 8.08 | 12.68 | 5.49 | 21.24 | 4.93 | 25.82 | |
Neut (109/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 9.19 | 4.80 | 8.53 | 5.78 | 11.50 | 2.10 | 21.01 | 1.48 | 30.59 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 10.85 | 5.98 | 9.72 | 6.24 | 14.33 | 2.02 | 25.65 | 1.48 | 36.22 | |
M | <4 | 211 | 8.09 | 4.81 | 7.17 | 5.01 | 9.79 | 1.93 | 22.74 | 1.28 | 30.03 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 7.27 | 4.30 | 6.66 | 3.79 | 9.43 | 1.80 | 17.71 | 1.37 | 20.92 | |
Mono (109/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 0.611 | 0.307 | 0.550 | 0.400 | 0.750 | 0.205 | 1.478 | 0.170 | 2.270 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 0.707 | 0.377 | 0.620 | 0.468 | 0.880 | 0.250 | 1.522 | 0.130 | 3.980 | |
M | <4 | 211 | 0.552 | 0.234 | 0.500 | 0.390 | 0.665 | 0.250 | 1.108 | 0.160 | 1.930 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 0.636 | 0.289 | 0.570 | 0.430 | 0.785 | 0.260 | 1.300 | 0.110 | 2.010 | |
Lymph (109/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 3.632 | 1.778 | 3.330 | 2.210 | 4.780 | 1.213 | 8.113 | 0.960 | 10.270 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 2.310 | 1.197 | 2.000 | 1.420 | 2.923 | 0.803 | 5.353 | 0.560 | 7.740 | |
M | <4 | 211 | 3.642 | 1.752 | 3.300 | 2.450 | 4.290 | 1.263 | 8.616 | 0.830 | 12.270 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 2.922 | 1.251 | 2.670 | 1.980 | 3.620 | 1.052 | 5.636 | 0.870 | 8.020 | |
Eo (109/L) | F | <4 | 209 | 0.170 | 0.182 | 0.120 | 0.040 | 0.230 | 0.000 | 0.700 | 0.000 | 1.070 |
F | ≥4 | 392 | 0.176 | 0.197 | 0.110 | 0.050 | 0.240 | 0.010 | 0.611 | 0.000 | 1.640 | |
M | <4 | 211 | 0.140 | 0.160 | 0.090 | 0.040 | 0.190 | 0.000 | 0.689 | 0.000 | 1.070 | |
M | ≥4 | 127 | 0.201 | 0.166 | 0.150 | 0.080 | 0.290 | 0.010 | 0.644 | 0.000 | 0.900 | |
Baso (109/L) | F | <4 | 208 | 0.019 | 0.014 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.140 |
F | ≥4 | 389 | 0.013 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.000 | 0.030 | 0.000 | 0.060 | |
M | <4 | 212 | 0.016 | 0.012 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.020 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 0.000 | 0.100 | |
M | ≥4 | 126 | 0.010 | 0.007 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.030 | 0.000 | 0.040 |
Year | Gender | Age | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018–2019 | F | <4 | 346 | 3.80 | 1.00 | 3.70 | 3.23 | 4.25 | 2.19 | 5.85 | 0.96 | 10.84 |
2020–2021 | F | <4 | 222 | 6.26 | 2.03 | 6.09 | 4.94 | 7.66 | 2.80 | 10.43 | 1.85 | 13.04 |
2018–2019 | F | ≥4 | 751 | 3.59 | 1.16 | 3.44 | 2.98 | 3.99 | 1.91 | 6.07 | 0.74 | 17.88 |
2020–2021 | F | ≥4 | 713 | 6.10 | 1.85 | 6.02 | 4.86 | 7.21 | 2.93 | 9.86 | 1.14 | 15.93 |
2018–2019 | M | <4 | 311 | 4.22 | 1.17 | 4.05 | 3.47 | 4.71 | 2.41 | 7.29 | 1.73 | 9.91 |
2020–2021 | M | <4 | 185 | 6.21 | 1.90 | 6.13 | 4.72 | 7.35 | 3.07 | 10.25 | 2.31 | 12.26 |
2018–2019 | M | ≥4 | 263 | 4.19 | 0.93 | 4.04 | 3.60 | 4.68 | 2.71 | 6.56 | 1.86 | 8.56 |
2020–2021 | M | ≥4 | 222 | 6.09 | 1.67 | 6.12 | 4.87 | 7.17 | 3.29 | 9.59 | 1.62 | 11.60 |
Year | Gender | Age | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018–2019 | F | <4 | 83 | 3.51 | 1.25 | 3.29 | 2.75 | 3.78 | 1.51 | 7.66 | 1.45 | 8.76 |
2020–2021 | F | <4 | 122 | 6.28 | 2.07 | 6.08 | 4.69 | 7.57 | 2.84 | 11.11 | 2.65 | 13.18 |
2018–2019 | F | ≥4 | 192 | 3.54 | 2.01 | 2.99 | 2.45 | 3.94 | 1.53 | 9.30 | 1.28 | 18.84 |
2020–2021 | F | ≥4 | 199 | 6.01 | 1.94 | 5.75 | 4.68 | 7.12 | 2.87 | 10.33 | 2.26 | 13.75 |
2018–2019 | M | <4 | 104 | 3.66 | 0.97 | 3.58 | 3.02 | 4.12 | 2.05 | 6.54 | 1.96 | 7.01 |
2020–2021 | M | <4 | 103 | 6.87 | 1.87 | 6.90 | 5.52 | 7.98 | 3.97 | 11.08 | 3.52 | 11.20 |
2018–2019 | M | ≥4 | 81 | 4.23 | 1.51 | 3.91 | 3.29 | 4.67 | 2.37 | 7.99 | 1.89 | 12.82 |
2020–2021 | M | ≥4 | 47 | 7.04 | 2.62 | 6.42 | 5.51 | 8.25 | 3.11 | 17.65 | 2.94 | 19.28 |
Spec | Lab Tests | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rhesus | K (mmol/L) | 2976 | 3.58 | 0.36 | 3.56 | 3.35 | 3.77 | 2.95 | 4.34 | 1.24 | 6.38 |
rhesus | Na (mmol/L) | 3016 | 145.90 | 2.73 | 146.10 | 144.30 | 147.60 | 140.30 | 150.80 | 127.20 | 155.00 |
rhesus | MCHC (amol) | 3011 | 21.22 | 0.62 | 21.20 | 20.90 | 21.60 | 20.20 | 22.20 | 15.40 | 33.60 |
cynomolgus | Eo (109/L) | 939 | 0.170 | 0.183 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0 | 0.64 | 0 | 1.64 |
Spec | Labtest | Gender | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rhesus | Cl (mmol/L) | F | 2036 | 107.45 | 2.80 | 107.40 | 105.60 | 109.30 | 102.00 | 112.80 | 93.20 | 116.40 |
rhesus | M | 980 | 106.01 | 2.73 | 106.00 | 104.30 | 107.80 | 101.20 | 111.40 | 89.50 | 118.60 | |
rhesus | K (mmol/L) | F | 2001 | 3.55 | 0.37 | 3.53 | 3.33 | 3.74 | 2.93 | 4.32 | 1.24 | 6.38 |
rhesus | M | 975 | 3.62 | 0.35 | 3.60 | 3.39 | 3.82 | 3.02 | 4.38 | 1.84 | 5.65 | |
rhesus | PLT (109/L) | F | 2036 | 317.55 | 74.84 | 317.00 | 271.00 | 364.25 | 176.00 | 466.08 | 55.00 | 726.00 |
rhesus | M | 971 | 308.87 | 73.07 | 313.00 | 263.00 | 357.00 | 150.30 | 441.70 | 69.00 | 628.00 | |
rhesus | P-LCR (%) | F | 1991 | 34.33 | 7.22 | 34.50 | 29.40 | 39.50 | 19.28 | 47.32 | 13.50 | 56.60 |
rhesus | M | 945 | 32.91 | 7.27 | 32.90 | 28.00 | 38.30 | 18.30 | 46.11 | 12.50 | 58.10 | |
rhesus | Neut (109/L) | F | 2026 | 9.30 | 5.10 | 8.38 | 5.22 | 12.68 | 2.25 | 20.61 | 0.89 | 32.62 |
rhesus | M | 959 | 7.06 | 4.18 | 5.92 | 3.94 | 9.39 | 1.83 | 17.55 | 0.93 | 25.63 | |
rhesus | Mono (109/L) | F | 2037 | 0.64 | 0.31 | 0.58 | 0.42 | 0.79 | 0.23 | 1.40 | 0.07 | 3.01 |
rhesus | M | 973 | 0.57 | 0.25 | 0.53 | 0.39 | 0.71 | 0.21 | 1.15 | 0.04 | 1.68 | |
cynomolgus | TBIL (µmol/L) | F | 591 | 1.38 | 0.92 | 1.20 | 0.70 | 1.80 | 0.20 | 3.72 | 0.00 | 6.50 |
cynomolgus | M | 336 | 1.45 | 0.76 | 1.30 | 0.90 | 1.90 | 0.30 | 3.22 | 0.10 | 4.50 |
Species | Brief | Age | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rhesus | ALT (U/L) | <4 | 1069 | 31.39 | 12.57 | 29.50 | 24.10 | 35.80 | 15.10 | 59.45 | 6.50 | 177.90 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1953 | 36.64 | 28.55 | 28.80 | 21.50 | 41.80 | 12.09 | 111.79 | 4.80 | 383.80 | |
rhesus | AST (U/L) | <4 | 1069 | 41.03 | 17.36 | 37.70 | 31.30 | 46.70 | 19.45 | 81.60 | 12.40 | 215.20 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1952 | 31.34 | 16.13 | 28.70 | 23.70 | 35.20 | 15.48 | 61.50 | 8.60 | 347.60 | |
rhesus | LDH (U/L) | <4 | 1067 | 468.80 | 191.42 | 424.00 | 338.00 | 554.50 | 220.70 | 935.90 | 151.00 | 1733.00 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1950 | 428.09 | 203.53 | 383.00 | 295.00 | 506.75 | 199.00 | 859.95 | 142.00 | 2807.00 | |
rhesus | Chol (mmol/L) | <4 | 1066 | 3.47 | 0.71 | 3.37 | 2.99 | 3.89 | 2.39 | 5.25 | 0.86 | 6.35 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1950 | 3.38 | 0.63 | 3.36 | 2.97 | 3.76 | 2.15 | 4.72 | 0.99 | 6.20 | |
rhesus | BIC (mmol/L) | <4 | 1068 | 22.59 | 3.71 | 22.75 | 20.70 | 25.00 | 14.89 | 29.03 | 0.80 | 34.00 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1952 | 23.79 | 3.82 | 24.00 | 21.60 | 26.10 | 15.88 | 30.82 | 0.10 | 36.50 | |
rhesus | MCV (fL) | <4 | 1058 | 3.51 | 0.37 | 3.47 | 3.30 | 3.69 | 2.94 | 4.35 | 1.84 | 6.07 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1954 | 3.61 | 0.35 | 3.60 | 3.39 | 3.80 | 2.96 | 4.34 | 1.24 | 6.38 | |
rhesus | MCH (amol) | <4 | 1057 | 68.12 | 2.73 | 68.20 | 66.20 | 69.90 | 62.75 | 73.50 | 56.10 | 75.50 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1954 | 69.69 | 2.84 | 69.60 | 67.80 | 71.60 | 64.29 | 75.20 | 58.70 | 83.30 | |
rhesus | MCHC (mmol/L) | <4 | 1057 | 1451.33 | 61.23 | 1452.00 | 1414.00 | 1492.00 | 1325.45 | 1566.55 | 1166.00 | 1643.00 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1954 | 1475.19 | 71.63 | 1475.00 | 1434.00 | 1515.00 | 1354.00 | 1592.00 | 1039.00 | 2791.00 | |
rhesus | PDW (fL) | <4 | 1008 | 21.31 | 0.56 | 21.40 | 21.00 | 21.70 | 20.30 | 22.26 | 16.30 | 22.80 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1928 | 21.17 | 0.65 | 21.20 | 20.90 | 21.50 | 20.10 | 22.10 | 15.40 | 33.60 | |
rhesus | WBC (109/L) | <4 | 1058 | 13.19 | 2.19 | 12.80 | 11.60 | 14.40 | 9.82 | 18.48 | 9.00 | 21.80 |
rhesus | ≥4 | 1954 | 12.60 | 1.92 | 12.30 | 11.20 | 13.70 | 9.50 | 17.20 | 8.40 | 21.00 |
Year | Sex | Count | Mean | SD | Median | P25 | P75 | RefLow | RefUpp | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018–2019 | F | 1097 | 3.65 | 1.11 | 3.52 | 3.06 | 4.11 | 1.94 | 5.98 | 0.74 | 17.88 |
2018–2019 | M | 574 | 4.21 | 1.06 | 4.05 | 3.53 | 4.69 | 2.50 | 6.71 | 1.73 | 9.91 |
2020–2021 | F | 935 | 6.14 | 1.89 | 6.04 | 4.86 | 7.30 | 2.85 | 9.98 | 1.14 | 15.93 |
2020–2021 | M | 407 | 6.15 | 1.78 | 6.13 | 4.82 | 7.25 | 3.19 | 10.02 | 1.62 | 12.26 |
3.2. Age versus Gender
3.3. Indoor versus Outdoor Housing
3.4. Weight-for-Height Indices (WHI)
3.5. Pregnancy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Chen, H.; Langermans, J. Nonhuman Primate Models in Preclinical Research. Volume 2: Disease Models; Nova Science Publishers: New York, NY, USA, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Friedman, H.; Ator, N.; Haigwood, N.; Newsome, W.; Allan, J.S.; Golos, T.G.; Kordower, J.H.; Shade, R.E.; Goldberg, M.E.; Bailey, M.R.; et al. The critical role of nonhuman primates in medical research. Pathog. Immun. 2017, 2, 352–365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Bourges-Abella, N.; Geffre, A.; Moureaux, E.; Vincenti, M.; Braun, J.P.; Trumel, C. Hematologic reference intervals in Cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. J. Med. Primatol. 2014, 43, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Naiken, S.; Griffiths, M.A.; Hurdial, J.R.; Narainapoulle, S.; Honess, P. Reference intervals for biochemical and haematological analytes of juvenile captive-bred long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Mauritius with examination of the effects of individual characteristics using principal component analysis. J. Med. Primatol. 2016, 45, 277–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, Y.; Qin, S.; Ding, Y.; Wei, L.; Zhang, J.; Li, H.; Bu, H.; Lu, Y.; Cheng, J. Reference values of clinical chemistry and hematology parameters in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Xenotransplantation 2009, 16, 496–501. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, Y.; Ono, F.; Yoshida, T.; Yoshikawa, Y. Relationship between body weight and hematological and serum biochemical parameters in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Exp. Anim. 2002, 51, 125–131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Perretta, G.; Violante, A.; Scarpulla, M.; Beciani, M.; Monaco, V. Normal serum biochemical and hematological parameters in Macaca fascicularis. J. Med. Primatol. 1991, 20, 345–351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeng, X.C.; Yang, C.M.; Pan, X.Y.; Yao, Y.S.; Pan, W.; Zhou, C.; Jiang, Z.R.; Chang, Y.; Ma, J. Effects of fasting on hematologic and clinical chemical values in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). J. Med. Primatol. 2011, 40, 21–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koga, T.; Kanefuji, K.; Nakama, K. Individual reference intervals of hematological and serum biochemical parameters in cynomolgus monkeys. Int. J. Toxicol. 2005, 24, 377–385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, H.K.; Cho, J.W.; Lee, B.S.; Park, H.; Han, J.S.; Yang, M.J.; Im, W.J.; Park, D.Y.; Kim, W.J.; Han, S.C.; et al. Reference values of clinical pathology parameters in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) used in preclinical studies. Lab. Anim. Res. 2016, 32, 79–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bonfanti, U.; Lamparelli, D.; Colombo, P.; Bernardi, C. Hematology and serum chemistry parameters in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) of Mauritius origin: Comparison between purpose-bred and captured animals. J. Med. Primatol. 2009, 38, 228–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schuurman, H.-J.; Smith, H.T. Reference values for clinical chemistry and clinical hematology parameters in cynomolgus monkeys. Xenotransplantation 2005, 12, 72–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Choi, K.; Chang, J.; Lee, M.J.; Wang, S.; In, K.; Galano-Tan, W.C.; Jun, S.; Cho, K.; Hwang, Y.H.; Kim, S.J.; et al. Reference values of hematology, biochemistry, and blood type in cynomolgus monkeys from cambodia origin. Lab. Anim. Res. 2016, 32, 46–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Lugo-Roman, L.A.; Rico, P.J.; Sturdivant, R.; Burks, R.; Settle, T.L. Effects of serial anesthesia using ketamine or ketamine/medetomidine on hematology and serum biochemistry values in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J. Med. Primatol. 2010, 39, 41–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Smucny, D.A.; Allison, D.B.; Ingram, D.K.; Roth, G.S.; Kemnitz, J.W.; Ko-hama, S.G.; Lane, M.A. Changes in blood chemistry and hematology variables during aging in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J. Med. Primatol. 2001, 30, 161–173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rosenblum, I.Y.; Coulston, F. Normal range and longitudinal blood chemistry and hematology values in juvenile and adult rhesus monkeys (Machaca mulita). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 1981, 5, 401–411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kessler, M.J.; Rawlins, R.G. The hemogram, serum biochemistry, and electrolyte profile of the free-ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Am. J. Primatol. 1983, 4, 107–116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Takenaka, A.; Gotoh, S.; Watanabe, T.; Takenaka, O. Developmental changes of plasma alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus in relation to the growth of bones in the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). Primates 1988, 29, 395–404. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hassimoto, M.; Harada, T.; Harada, T. Changes in hematology, biochemical values, and restraint ECG of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) following 6-month laboratory acclimation. J. Med. Primatol. 2004, 33, 175–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kapeghian, J.C.; Bush, M.J.; Verlangieri, A.J. Changes in Selected Serum Biochemical and EKG Values with Age in Cynomolgus Macaques. J. Med. Primatol. 1984, 13, 283–288. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.; Niu, Y.Y.; Si, W.; Li, Y.J.; Yan, Y. Reference data of clinical chemistry, haematology and blood coagulation parameters in juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Vet. Med. 2012, 57, 233–238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Venkatesan, R.; Nagarajan, P.; Rajaretnam, R.S.; Majumdar, S.S. Hematologic and serum biochemical values in aged female bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. JAALAS 2006, 45, 45–48. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Bennett, J.; Gossett, K.; McCarthy, M.; Simpson, E. Effects of ketamine hydrochloride on serum biochemical and hematologic variables in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Vet. Clin. Pathol. 1992, 21, 15–18. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Loomis, M.R.; Henrickson, R.V.; Anderson, J.H. Effects of ketamine hydrochloride on the hemogram of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Lab. Anim. Sci. 1980, 30, 851–853. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Kim, C.Y.; Lee, H.S.; Han, S.C.; Heo, J.D.; Kwon, M.S.; Ha, C.S.; Han, S.S. Hematological and serum biochemical values in cynomolgus monkeys anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. J. Med. Primatol. 2005, 34, 96–100. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, C.-Y.; Han, J.S.; Suzuki, T.; Han, S.-S. Indirect indicator of transport stress in hematological values in newly acquired cynomolgus monkeys. J. Med. Primatol. 2005, 34, 188–192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xie, L.; Zhou, Q.; Liu, S.; Xu, F.; Shively, C.A.; Wu, Q.; Gong, W.; Ji, Y.; Fang, L.; Li, L.; et al. Effect of living conditions on biochemical and hematological parameters of the cynomolgus monkey. Am. J. Primatol. 2014, 76, 1011–1024. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xie, L.; Xu, F.; Liu, S.; Ji, Y.; Zhou, Q.; Wu, Q.; Gong, W.; Cheng, K.; Li, J.; Li, L.; et al. Age-and sex-based hematological and biochemical parameters for Macaca fascicularis. PLoS ONE 2013, 10, e64892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yu, W.; Hao, X.; Yang, F.; Ma, J.; Zhao, Y.; Li, Y.; Wang, J.; Xu, H.; Chen, L.; Liu, Q.; et al. Hematological and biochemical parameters for Chinese rhesus macaque. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0222338. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hom, G.J.; Bach, T.J.; Carroll, D.; Forrest, M.J.; Mariano, M.A.; Trainor, C.E.; Wang, P.R.; MacIntyre, D.E. Comparison of Cardiovascular Parameters and/or Serum Chemistry and Hematology Profiles in Conscious and Anesthetized Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Contemp. Top Lab. Anim. Sci. 1999, 38, 60–64. [Google Scholar]
- Yoshida, T.; Suzuki, K.; Shimizu, T.; Cho, F.; Honjo, S. The effects of ketamine anesthesia on hematological and serum biochemical values in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Jikken Dobutsu 1986, 35, 455–461. [Google Scholar]
- Koo, B.S.; Lee, D.H.; Kang, P.; Jeong, K.J.; Lee, S.; Kim, K.; Lee, Y.; Huh, J.W.; Kim, Y.H.; Park, S.J.; et al. Reference values of hematological and biochemical parameters in young-adult cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride. Lab. Anim. Res. 2019, 35, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Buchl, S.J.; Howard, B. Hematologic and Serum Biochemical and Electrolyte Values in Clinically Normal Domestically Bred Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) According to Age, Sex, and Gravidity. Lab. Anim. Sci. 1997, 47, 528–533. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Lilly, A.A.; Mehlman, P.T.; Higley, J.D. Trait-like immunological and hematological measures in female rhesus across varied environmental conditions. Am. J. Primatol. 1999, 48, 197–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matsumoto, K.; Akagi, H.; Ochiai, T.; Hagino, K.; Sekita, K.; Kawasaki, Y.; Matin, M.A.; Furuya, T. Comparative blood values of Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. Jikken Dobutsu 1980, 29, 335–340. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Miyabe-Nishiwaki, T.; MacIntosh, A.J.J.; Kaneko, A.; Morimoto, M.; Suzuki, J.; Akari, H.; Okamoto, M. Hematological and blood chemistry values in captive Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata). J. Med. Primatol. 2019, 48, 338–350. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shah, N.A.; Bhatt, L.K.; Patel, R.J.; Patel, T.M.; Patel, N.V.; Trivedi, H.G.; Patel, N.R.; Patel, J.H.; Patel, S.D.; Sundar, R.S.; et al. Hematological and biochemical reference intervals of wild-caught and inhouse adult Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Lab. Anim. Res. 2022, 38, 33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sterck, E.H.M.; Zijlmans, D.G.M.; de Vries, H.; van den Berg, L.M.; van Schaik, C.P.; Langermans, J.A.M. Determining overweight and underweight with a new weight-for-height index in captive group-housed macaques. Am. J. Primatol. 2019, 81, e22996. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Maaskant, A.; Janssen, I.; Wouters, I.M.; van Eerdenburg, F.J.C.M.; Remarque, E.J.; Langermans, J.A.M.; Bakker, J. Assessment of Indoor Air Quality for Group Housed Macaques (Macaca spp.). Animals 2022, 12, 1750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lahti, A.; Hyltoft Petersen, P.; Boyd, J.C.; Fraser, C.G.; Jørgensen, N. Objective criteria for partitioning Gaussian-distributed reference values into subgroups. Clin. Chem. 2002, 48, 338–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. How to Define and Determine Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Guideline, 2nd ed.; Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute: Wayne, PA, USA, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Fernie, S.; Wrenshall, E.; Malcolm, S.; Bryce, F.; Arnold, D.L. Normative hematologic and serum biochemical values for adult and infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a controlled laboratory environment. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 1994, 42, 53–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- DiVincenti, L., Jr.; Wyatt, J.D. Pair housing of macaques in research facilities: A science-based review of benefits and risks. JAALAS 2011, 50, 856–863. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- National Research Council. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th ed.; The National Academies Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Weatherall, D.; Goodfellow, P.; Harris, J.; Hinde, R.; Johnson, L.; Morris, R.; Ross, N.; Skehel, J.; Tickell, C. The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research; Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Council, The Royal Society and Wellcome Trust: London, UK, 2006; pp. 112–113. [Google Scholar]
- Hannibal, D.L.; Bliss-Moreau, E.; Vandeleest, J.; McCowan, B.; Capitanio, J. Laboratory rhesus macaque social housing and social changes: Implications for research. Am. J. Primatol. 2016, 79, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Prongay, K.; Park, B.; Murphy, S.J. Risk factor analysis may provide clues to diarrhea prevention in outdoor-housed rhesus macaques (Machaca mulita). Am. J. Primatol. 2013, 75, 872–882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Huang, L.; Appleton, J.A. Eosinophils in Helminth Infection: Defenders and Dupes. Trends Parasitol. 2016, 32, 798–807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- O’Connell, E.M.; Nutman, T.B. Eosinophilia in Infectious Diseases. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 2015, 35, 493–522. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, J.I.; Shin, J.S.; Lee, J.E.; Jung, W.Y.; Lee, G.; Kim, M.S.; Park, C.G.; Kim, S.J. Reference values of hematology, chemistry, electrolytes, blood gas, coagulation time, and urinalysis in the Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Xenotransplantation 2012, 19, 244–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pierre, P.J.; Sequeira, M.K.; Corcoran, C.A.; Blevins, M.W.; Gee, M.; Laudenslager, M.L.; Bennett, A.J. Hematological and serum biochemical indices in healthy bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata). J. Med. Primatol. 2011, 40, 287–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lees, C.J.; Ramsay, H. Histomorphometry and bone biomarkers in cynomolgus females: A study in young, mature, and old monkeys. Bone 1999, 24, 25–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, D.; Yi, Y.; Sun, F.; Zhou, L.; Yang, F.; Wang, H.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, Y.A.; Yue, F. Effects of age and sex on the hematology and blood chemistry of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. 2014, 53, 12–17. [Google Scholar]
- Yue, F.; Zhang, G.; Tang, R.; Zhang, Z.; Teng, L.; Zhang, Z. Age- and sex-related changes in fasting plasma glucose and lipoprotein in cynomolgus monkeys. Lipids Health Dis. 2016, 15, 111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zijlmans, D.G.M.; Maaskant, A.; Sterck, E.H.M.; Langermans, J.A.M. Retrospective Evaluation of a Minor Dietary Change in Non-Diabetic Group-Housed Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Animals 2021, 11, 2749. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Khan, A.R.; Awan, F.R.; Najam, S.S.; Islam, M.; Siddique, T.; Zain, M. Elevated serum level of human alkaline phosphatase in obesity. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2015, 65, 1182–1185. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Wu, M.-L.; Gong, L.; Qian, C.; Liang, Z.-G.; Zeng, W. Characteristics of blood chemistry, hematology, and lymphocyte subsets in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Chin. J. Nat. Med. 2015, 13, 409–414. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Allen, J.R.; Ahlgren, S.A. A comparative study of the hematologic changes in pregnancy in the Macaca mulatta monkey and the human female. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1968, 100, 894–903. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chandra, S.; Tripathi, A.K.; Mishra, S.; Amzarul, M.; Vaish, A.K. Physiological changes in hematological parameters during pregnancy. Indian J. Hematol. Blood Transfus. 2012, 28, 144–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zuurbier, C.J.; Koeman, A.; Houten, S.M.; Hollmann, M.W.; Florijn, W.J. Optimizing anesthetic regimen for surgery in mice through minimization of hemodynamic, metabolic, and inflammatory perturbations. Exp. Biol. Med. 2014, 239, 737–746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hemingway, C.A.; Bynum, N. The influence of seasonally on primate diet and ranging. In Seasonality in Primates: Studies of Living and Extinct Human and Non-Human Primates; Van Schaik, C.P., Brockman, D.K., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2005; pp. 57–104. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, K.; Karim, F.; Jin, Z.; Xiao, H.; Yao, Y.; Ni, O.; Li, B.; Pu-Cuo, W.; Huang, Z.; Xu, H. Diet and feeding behavior of a group of high-altitude rhesus macaques: High adaptation to food shortages and seasonal fluctuations. Curr. Zool. 2022, 2022, zoac047. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Setchell, J.M.; Tshipamba, P.; Bourry, O.; Rouquet, P.; Wickings, E.J.; Knapp, L.A. Hematology of a Semi-Free-Ranging Colony of Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Int. J. Primatol. 2006, 27, 1709–1729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shearer, C.L.; Ezenwa, V.O. Rainfall as a driver of seasonality in parasitism. Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl. 2020, 12, 8–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Altizer, S.; Dobson, A.; Hosseini, P.; Hudson, P.; Pascual, M.; Rohani, P. Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases. Ecol. Lett. 2006, 9, 467–484. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, J.; Okyere, S.K.; Zheng, J.; Cao, B.; Hu, Y. Seasonal Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mount Emei Scenic Area in China. Animals 2022, 12, 1816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rondón, S.; Ortiz, M.; León, C.; Galvis, N.; Link, A.; González, C. Seasonality, richness and prevalence of intestinal parasites of three neotropical primates (Alouatta seniculus, Ateles hybridus and Cebus versicolor) in a fragmented forest in Colombia. Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl. 2017, 6, 202–208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Gender | Rhesus Macaque | Cynomolgus Macaque |
---|---|---|
Female | 712 | 193 |
Male | 422 | 148 |
Total | 1134 | 341 |
Repeats | Female Rhesus Macaques | Male Rhesus Macaques | Female Cynomolgus Macaques | Male Cynomolgus Macaques |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 120 | 132 | 17 | 25 |
2 | 100 | 91 | 32 | 57 |
3 | 229 | 122 | 49 | 49 |
4 | 263 | 77 | 95 | 17 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Bakker, J.; Maaskant, A.; Wegman, M.; Zijlmans, D.G.M.; Hage, P.; Langermans, J.A.M.; Remarque, E.J. Reference Intervals and Percentiles for Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values in Captive Bred Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Animals 2023, 13, 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030445
Bakker J, Maaskant A, Wegman M, Zijlmans DGM, Hage P, Langermans JAM, Remarque EJ. Reference Intervals and Percentiles for Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values in Captive Bred Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Animals. 2023; 13(3):445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030445
Chicago/Turabian StyleBakker, Jaco, Annemiek Maaskant, Merel Wegman, Dian G. M. Zijlmans, Patrice Hage, Jan A. M. Langermans, and Edmond J. Remarque. 2023. "Reference Intervals and Percentiles for Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values in Captive Bred Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)" Animals 13, no. 3: 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030445
APA StyleBakker, J., Maaskant, A., Wegman, M., Zijlmans, D. G. M., Hage, P., Langermans, J. A. M., & Remarque, E. J. (2023). Reference Intervals and Percentiles for Hematologic and Serum Biochemical Values in Captive Bred Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Animals, 13(3), 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030445