Occurrence of BVDV Infection and the Presence of Potential Risk Factors in Dairy Cattle Herds in Poland
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. ELISA Test
- val ≤ 20% = 0 negative;
- 20% < val ≤ 40% = (+);
- 40% < val ≤ 60% = (++);
- 60% < val ≤ 80% = (+++);
- 80% < val ≤ 100% = (++++);
- 100% < val = (+++++).
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethics Statement
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S/P value | Number of BTM Samples (n) | Results (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
val ≤ 20% | 236 | 66.7 | negative |
20% < val ≤ 40% | 36 | 10.2 | positive |
40% < val ≤ 60% | 38 | 10.7 | positive |
60% < val ≤ 80% | 28 | 7.9 | positive |
80% < val ≤ 100% | 13 | 3.7 | positive |
100% < val | 3 | 0.8 | positive |
Total | 354 | 100 | - |
Region | Voivodship | No of Herds (n) | No of Positive Herds (n) | Herd-level Seroprevalence (%) | CI 95% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Mazovia (n = 21) Łódź (n = 20) | 41 | 16 | 39.0 | 25.7%, 54.3% |
S | Lower Silesia (n = 17) Opole (n = 27) Silesia (n = 12) Lesser Poland (n = 3) | 59 | 20 | 33.9 | 23.1%, 46.6% |
N-W | Greater Poland (n = 93) Lubsz (n = 3) West-Pomerania (n = 2) | 98 | 15 | 15.3 | 9.5%, 46.6% |
N | Warmia-Masuria (n = 33) Kuyavia-Pomerania (n = 54) Pomerania (n = 6) | 93 | 43 | 46.2 | 36.5%, 56.3% |
E | Holy Cross Province (n = 2) Subcarpathia (n = 5) Lublin (n = 4) Podlaskie (n = 52) | 63 | 24 | 38.1 | 27.1%, 50.4% |
Total | 354 | 118 | 33.3% | 28.6%, 38.4% |
Risk Factor | Category | n (%) of BVDV-Positive Herds in a Category | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Region of Poland | C | 16/41 (39.0) | 0.001 |
S | 20/59 (33.9) | ||
N-W | 15/98 (15.3) | ||
N | 43/93 (46.2) | ||
E | 24/63 (38.1) | ||
Average no of cows per 100ha | BVDV-positive: median of 17 (IQR from 16.3 to 21.5) cows/100ha | 0.294 | |
BVDV-negative: median of 17 (IQR from 16.3 to 19.7) cows/100ha | |||
Herd size (n = 354) | ≤50 | 22/44 (50.0) | 0.506 |
51–100 | 44/162 (27.2) | ||
101–150 | 24/70 (34.3) | ||
151–200 | 21/39 (53.9) | ||
>200 | 7/39 (17.9) | ||
Number of cows in lactation (n = 349) | ≤50 | 67/214 (31.3) | 0.822 |
51–100 | 39/99 (39.4) | ||
>100 | 8/36 (22.2) | ||
Milk yield (n = 334) | ≤5.0 | 5/11 (45.5) | 0.31 |
5.1–8.0 | 57/196 (29.1) | ||
>8.0 | 47/127 (37.0) | ||
Pasture (n = 354) | Yes | 35/143 (24.5) | 0.004 |
No | 83/211 (39.3) | ||
Animals grazed (n = 143) | Calves | 8/77 (10.4%) | <0.001 |
Cows | 16/36 (44.4%) | ||
Both | 11/30 (36.7%) | ||
Purchase of animals for replacement (n = 354) | Yes | 46/176 (26.1) | 0.004 |
No | 72/178 (40.5) |
Clinical Manifestation (n) | Category | n (%) of BVDV-Positive Herds in a Category | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
First calving [month of life] (n = 354) | <24 | 9/22 (40.9) | 0.814 |
24–30 | 103/317 (32.5) | ||
>30 | 6/15 (40.0) | ||
Average no of lactations per a cow (n = 328) | <2.4 | 14/42 (33.3) | 0.949 |
2.5–2.9 | 27/83 (32.5) | ||
3.0–3.4 | 23/85 (27.1) | ||
3.5–3.9 | 39/118 (33.1) | ||
Period between calving [days] (n = 354) | <380 | 15/40 (37.5) | 0.009 |
381–400 | 62/160 (38.7) | ||
401–420 | 35/111 (31.5) | ||
>420 | 6/43 (14.0) | ||
Foetopathy (n = 354) | Yes | 10/30 (33.3) | 0.999 |
No | 108/324 (33.3) | ||
Diarrhoea (n = 354) | Yes | 44/114 (38.6) | 0.148 |
No | 74/240 (30.8) | ||
Abortion (n = 354) | Yes | 48/138 (34.8) | 0.643 |
No | 70/216 (32.4) | ||
Problems with conception (n = 333) | very rare | 23/44 (52.3) | 0.301 |
rare | 18/48 (37.5) | ||
moderately | 20/97 (20.6) | ||
often | 20/76 (26.3) | ||
very often | 27/68 (39.7) | ||
Respiratory problems (n = 354) | Yes | 41/133 (30.8) | 0.438 |
No | 77/221 (34.8) | ||
Mastitis (n = 326) | very rare | 20/49 (40.8) | 0.34 |
rare | 22/119 (18.5) | ||
moderately | 31/71 (43.7) | ||
often | 13/47 (27.7) | ||
very often | 15/40 (37.5) | ||
Percent of cows with mastitis in last 2 months (n = 339) | 0 | 10/27 (37.0) | 0.506 |
1–3 | 48/175 (27.4) | ||
4–6 | 34/71 (47.9) | ||
7–9 | 5/15 (33.3) | ||
10–12 | 11/40 (27.5) | ||
>12 | 2/11 (18.2) | ||
SCC 1 in the last month (n = 340) | <250 | 41/103 (39.8) | 0.068 |
251–350 | 37/108 (34.3) | ||
351–400 | 15/93 (16.1) | ||
401–500 | 11/21 (52.4) | ||
>500 | 6/15 (40.0) | ||
SCC in the previous month (n = 332) | <250 | 36/98 (36.7) | 0.186 |
251–350 | 39/107 (36.5) | ||
351–400 | 15/85 (17.7) | ||
401–500 | 12/22 (54.5) | ||
>500 | 6/20 (30.0) | ||
Lameness (n = 320) | very rare | 34/83 (41.0) | 0.164 |
rare | 14/51 (27.5) | ||
moderately | 21/59 (35.6) | ||
often | 21/99 (21.2) | ||
very often | 13/28 (46.4) |
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Rypuła, K.; Płoneczka-Janeczko, K.; Czopowicz, M.; Klimowicz-Bodys, M.D.; Shabunin, S.; Siegwalt, G. Occurrence of BVDV Infection and the Presence of Potential Risk Factors in Dairy Cattle Herds in Poland. Animals 2020, 10, 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020230
Rypuła K, Płoneczka-Janeczko K, Czopowicz M, Klimowicz-Bodys MD, Shabunin S, Siegwalt G. Occurrence of BVDV Infection and the Presence of Potential Risk Factors in Dairy Cattle Herds in Poland. Animals. 2020; 10(2):230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020230
Chicago/Turabian StyleRypuła, Krzysztof, Katarzyna Płoneczka-Janeczko, Michał Czopowicz, Malgorzata D. Klimowicz-Bodys, Sergey Shabunin, and Georges Siegwalt. 2020. "Occurrence of BVDV Infection and the Presence of Potential Risk Factors in Dairy Cattle Herds in Poland" Animals 10, no. 2: 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020230
APA StyleRypuła, K., Płoneczka-Janeczko, K., Czopowicz, M., Klimowicz-Bodys, M. D., Shabunin, S., & Siegwalt, G. (2020). Occurrence of BVDV Infection and the Presence of Potential Risk Factors in Dairy Cattle Herds in Poland. Animals, 10(2), 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020230