Skip Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .
ActuatorsActuators
  • This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
  • Article
  • Open Access

4 February 2026

A Pole-Placement-Based Variable-Gain Observer for Precision Motion Stages: Addressing the Disturbance-Noise Trade-Off

,
,
,
and
1
Center of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
2
Key Laboratory of Ultra-Precision Intelligent Instrumentation, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150080, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
This article belongs to the Section Precision Actuators

Abstract

Accurate pattern transfer in the lithography process demands extreme positioning accuracy. However, various external disturbances acting on the wafer stage can lead to positioning errors. To address this issue, this paper proposes a pole-placement-based Variable-Gain Extended State Observer (VGESO). First, the trade-off between disturbance rejection and noise attenuation faced by conventional Extended State Observers (ESOs) in precision motion systems is analyzed. Then, a modified ESO structure is introduced, in which two pole-related parameters are employed to adaptively adjust the observer gains. These parameters enable effective suppression of both low-frequency disturbances and high-frequency measurement noise within their designated ranges. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed method.

Article Metrics

Citations

Article Access Statistics

Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.