Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes in Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-Like Isolates from Humans and Animals in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Virulotyping
2.2. Tracking Potential Variable-Number Tandem Repeats—VNTRs and Cluster Analysis
2.3. PFGE-CHEF (Contour-Clamped Homogeneous Electric Field)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains
4.2. DNA Isolation
4.3. Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes of Yersinia sp.
4.4. Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) Analysis—MLVA
4.5. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis—Contour-Clamped Homogenous Electric Field—PFGE-CHEF
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Origin (Number of Isolates) | Bioserotype—Strain Name |
---|---|---|
Y. enterocolitica | Human feces (n = 3) | 4/O:3—3d, 42d 1B/O:8—58d |
Fattening pig feces (n = 28) | 4/O:3—163z, 165z, 168z, 169z, 170z, 171z, 173z, 174z, 175z, 176z, 177z, 179z, 180z, 182z, 183z, 184z, 186z, 187z, 188z, 189z, 190z, 191z, 192z, 193z, 194z 1A/O:9—209z 1A/O:8—221z, 224z | |
Fattening pig tonsil (n = 3) | 4/O:3—90z, 119z, 121z | |
Wild boar tonsil (n = 8) | 1A/NT—2dz, 5dz, 10dz, 186dz, 205dz, 224dz, 231dz, 240dz | |
Domestic dog feces * (n = 4) | 4/O:3—1p, T318, T351, L528 | |
Roe deer tonsil (n = 1) | 1A/NT—28s | |
Y. kristensenii | Wild boar tonsil (n = 4) | 3dz, 4dz |
Y. frederiksenii | 7dz | |
Y. pekkanenii | 8dz |
VNTR | Repeat Sequence | Primer Sequence (5′→3′) | Size of Repeat [bp] | Size of Offsets [bp] |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | GAGCCGCAGCGGTGTTAGCGGCTCTCACTTACCCGAATCACTTACCGTTGTAAGCTCATCGGGATGCATTCGCATGCTGCCTTGCTGCAACACCAATTACTTTGAGTAACATCTTTTTTAATAA | CATTGTATTACCCAGCAGATCC GGTGATACAGAGCGGTAGAC | 124 | 177 |
B | CAGTAAGTGATTCGGGTAAGTGAGTGCAGTCAACACCGCTGCAACTTGAAAGATGACGGCATACCTCTATCCAATAGATTTCATGTTGCAGCAAGGCGGCAAACGAGATTATCCCGATGAGCTTACAT | ATTGACGGTCGGTATTATCTCG ACTAAGGTTTGGGGTGACATAC | 128 | 167 |
C | TATTGGCTACATAAATAGATTAGCTACATAAATA | ATTATAGTGGCGGTCATTATCG AATAGCTTTCATCAAGCCTGTC | 34 | 203 |
D | ATCTTCCTGGGTGCACCATCTTAAGAAACCTCGCTACGGCGGGGTTTTTCGTTTTTAGATTCTACAAATACGCAGAACCGAGCGGTCGGAAGTTCGAGCCGAGCGTAGCGAGACAACGTTGCTTTAGCAACGGCCCGCAGGGCGAGGCGTTAGCCGAGTC | GTCAAATGAACATCAGGTAGTG TCATTCACAATAGGAAATAGCG | 160 | 204 |
E | TTGCGCGGCCTTTTTAGCTTTCACGCGAGCAATCGCTGCGGCCACGGCAGCTTTGCGCGGATCTTCCTCTGGCGCTTCACTTTCGCTTTTTACCGGTTCTGACTCAAGTTGAGC | GGAAGTGATTGAGGTTGATAGC GTTATTGCTGCTCGTGAGG | 114 | 260 |
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Morka, K.; Wałecka-Zacharska, E.; Schubert, J.; Dudek, B.; Woźniak-Biel, A.; Kuczkowski, M.; Wieliczko, A.; Bystroń, J.; Bania, J.; Bugla-Płoskońska, G. Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes in Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-Like Isolates from Humans and Animals in Poland. Pathogens 2021, 10, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010065
Morka K, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Schubert J, Dudek B, Woźniak-Biel A, Kuczkowski M, Wieliczko A, Bystroń J, Bania J, Bugla-Płoskońska G. Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes in Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-Like Isolates from Humans and Animals in Poland. Pathogens. 2021; 10(1):65. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010065
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorka, Katarzyna, Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska, Justyna Schubert, Bartłomiej Dudek, Anna Woźniak-Biel, Maciej Kuczkowski, Alina Wieliczko, Jarosław Bystroń, Jacek Bania, and Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska. 2021. "Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes in Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-Like Isolates from Humans and Animals in Poland" Pathogens 10, no. 1: 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010065