Solvent Extraction and Separation of Nd, Pr and Dy from Leach Liquor of Waste NdFeB Magnet Using the Nitrate Form of Mextral® 336At in the Presence of Aquo-Complexing Agent EDTA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of pH on Solvent Extraction of Nd, Pr and Dy
3.2. Effect of [336At][NO3] Concentration on Solvent Extraction of Nd, Pr and Dy
3.3. Effect of Nitrate Concentration on Solvent Extraction of Nd, Pr and Dy
3.4. Effect of EDTA on Solvent Extraction of Nd, Pr and Dy
3.5. FTIR Spectra of [336At][NO3] and Nd Loaded [336At][NO3]
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rare Earths | Extractant | Diluent | Aqueous Medium | Remarks | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
La, Nd, Pr | Cyanex 272, D2EHPA, PC88A, Cyanex 301 | Escaid 110 | Chloride | Cyanex 272 showed the best extraction efficiency among all extractants. The separation of La, Nd and Pr improved by using saponified extractant. | [7] |
Y, Dy, Tb, Gd | EHEHPA | Kerosene | Chloride | Dy2O3 were produced with more than 98% recovery. Two concentrates yttrium (>93%, 1st cycle) and terbium (>54%, 2nd cycle) were also produced. | [8] |
Nd | PC88A and 40% saponified PC88A | Kerosene | Chloride | Distribution co-efficient was increased significantly by using saponified extractant. | [11] |
La, Ce, Pr, Nd | Saponified PC-88A | Kerosene | Chloride | Nd2O3 of >97% purity were produced using extraction, scrubbing and stripping steps. | [12] |
Pr and Nd | Mixture of Cyanex 272 and amine extractants (Alamine 336, TOA and TEHA) | Kerosene | Chloride | Equimolar Combination of Cyanex 272 and Alamine 336 showed the best extraction ability and the maximum synergistic effect for Pr and Nd separation. | [14] |
Nd | [A336] [DGA] | [A336] [NO3] | Nitrate | Extraction of Nd was found better by using [A336][DGA] in [A336][NO3] in comparison to HDGA in [A336][NO3], at pH values > 2 | [29] |
Nd, Eu, Tm | HDEHP | Benzene | Chloride, sulfate, nitrate | Antagonistic effects were observed the mixtures of HDEHP+TBP and HDEHP+TOPO | [32] |
Dy | PC88A | Shellsol D70 | Nitrate | The experimental equilibrium data were correlated with chemically based model. | [33] |
Pr, Nd, La, Ce, Sm | 20% saponified PC88A+iso-decanol | Kerosene | Chloride | Nd2O3 were produced with recovery of >85% having purity >96% using 6 extractions, 18 scrubbing and 6 stripping stages. The separation factor for Nd/Pr was obtained as 1.64. | [34] |
Nd, Pr, Ce and La | [A336] [NO3] | Shellsol AB | Nitrate | Mini plant trial were carried out with 190 L of feed solution to obtain 95% Nd2O3 using 8 extractions, 6 scrubbing and 6 stripping stages. | [35] |
Nd | Cyanex 921 | Kerosene | Nitrate | With the aqueous phase containing 0.001 mol/L HNO3 and 0.1 mol/L KNO3, 98% of Nd(III) was extracted using 0.5M extractant. | [36] |
Pr, Nd, Dy | TBP | [A336][NO3] | Nitrate | By using 1.8M TBP, 95 g/L of Nd loaded in the ionic liquid phase at pH 2. Complete extraction of rare earths (Nd, Pr and Dy) in two contacts. | [16] |
Nd, Dy, Co | trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium nitrate | - | Nitrate | After separation of Cobalt, Na2EDTA along with NH4NO3 were used for selective stripping of Dy. By precipitation process, Nd2O3, Dy2O3 and CoO were obtained with purities of 99.6%, 99.8% and 99.8%, respectively. | [17] |
Nd | Cyanex 923 | [C4mim][Tf2N], [N1444][Tf2N] [P66614][Tf2N], [C10mim][Tf2N], [N1888][Tf2N]. | Nitrate | Ionic liquids with hydrophilic cation, [C4mim][Tf2N] and [N1444][Tf2N] extract Nd(III) efficiently by ion-exchange mechanism.Hydrophobic cationextract Nd(III) less efficiently due toits low solubility in the aqueous phase. | [18] |
Nd | [Hbet][Tf2N] | - | Chloride Nitrate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide | Extraction was possible from chloride, nitrate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide medium with similar distribution ratios. | [19] |
Nd, Dy, Fe | DODGAA | [C8mim][Tf2N] | Nitrate | DODGAA showed higher selectivity for Dy and Nd compared with Fe through an SLM impregnated with the ionic liquid, [C8mim][Tf2N]. | [20] |
Nd, Fe | Cyphos IL 101 | - | Chloride | More than 99% of iron selectively extracted in organic phase. Best separation factor of Nd/Fe was obtained as 8×105. | [37] |
Nd | [C6mim][DEHP], [C6mpyr][DEHP], [N4444][DEHP] | [C6mim][NTf2], [C6mpyr][NTf2], [N1444][NTf2] | Nitrate | The extraction behaviour with [C6mim][DEHP] and [C6mpyr][DEHP] was found to be different in comparison with [N4444][DEHP], particularly for pH in the extraction process. | [38] |
Rare Earths | Extractant | Diluent | Aqueous Medium | Water-soluble Complexing Agent | Remarks | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
La, Pr and Nd | Cyanex 272, PC88A | Escaid 110 | Chloride | EDTA | PC88A has higher extraction efficiency than Cyanex 272. Addition of EDTA in aqueous phase suppressed the extraction of Pr and Nd due to formation of anionic complexes. | [24] |
La, Ce, Pr, Nd | P2O4 | Kerosene | Chloride | Lactic acid, Citric acid | The separation factors for Ce/La, Pr/La and Nd/La were enhanced for the system containing both complexing agents, i.e., lactic acid and citric acid. | [25] |
Pr and Nd | D2EHPA | Kerosene | Chloride | Lactic acid | Distribution ratio and separation factor increased by decreasing acidity and increasing lactic acid concentration. Best separation factor for Nd/Pr achieved was 1.57 at 0.6 M lactic acid concentration and pH 3.5. | [26] |
Ce and Pr | P2O4 | Kerosene | Chloride | Lactic acid Citric acid | The distribution ratio increased with increase in ratio of citric acid: lactic acid. The maximum separation factor of 5.78 was achieved. | [27] |
Pr and Nd | D2EHPA | ISOPAR M | Nitrate | EDTA, DTPA | The extraction degree of Nd and Pr in DTPA is higher than EDTA. Effects of mixtures of EDTA and DTPA on the extraction were also evaluated. Studies carried out in electrostatic liquid-liquid contactor. The best separation factor was achieved as 2. | [39] |
Nd, Pr (didymium solution) | [A336] [NO3] | naphtha-100 | Nitrate | DTPA | DTPA forms 1:1 complex with rare earth ions, which helps in the separation of Nd-Pr. In 45 stage, 95% recovery of Nd was obtained with purity > 99%. | [40] |
Light and Heavy Rare Earths | [A336][NO3] | - | Nitrate | EDTA | The addition of 0.2 M EDTA in 11 M nitrate aqueous solution enhanced the separation possibility between light and heavy rare earths as chelating agent forms stable complexes with Heavy rare earths. | [41] |
Heavy Rare Earths | CA-100 | - | Chloride | EDTA | Selective separation of Yttrium from impurtites (Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu due to formation of EDTA-Yttrium complex. | [22] |
Nd, Dy, Fe, Co | [A336][SCN] | toluene | Chloride | EDTA | EDTA was used as stripping agent for the separation of Fe and Co from the deep eutectic solvent containing Nd, Dy, Fe, B and Co. | [42] |
Properties | Mextral® 336At or [336At][Cl] | [336At][NO3] |
---|---|---|
IUPAC name | Trioctyl-methyl-ammonium chloride (C25H54NCl) | Trioctyl-methyl-ammonium nitrate (C25H54N2O3) |
Appearance | Yellow cream | Yellow liquid |
Molecular weight | 404.1 g/mol | 430.7 |
Density | 0.88–0.89 g/mL | 0.90–0.95 g/mL |
Structure |
In Aqueous Solution | % Extraction | Separation Factor (β) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pr | Nd | Dy | Pr/Dy | Nd/Dy | Pr/Nd | |
Without adding EDTA | 91 | 84.5 | 48 | 10.9 | 5.9 | 1.8 |
0.003M EDTA | 85 | 67 | 9.5 | 55.6 | 19.4 | 2.9 |
Separation Studies | Separation Factor for Pr and Nd | Reference |
---|---|---|
0.43 M [A336][NO3] in kerosene from 6 M NaNO3 using 0.003 M EDTA as chelating agent | 2.9 | (present investigation) |
0.5 M [A336][NO3] in xylene from 4 M NaNO3 aqueous solution | 2.04 | [35] |
0.2 M EHEHPA in toluene from 0.4 M NaNO3 aqueous solution | 1.27 | |
0.2 M D2EHPA in toluene from 0.4 M NaNO3 aqueous solution | 1.25 | |
1 M D2EHPA in kerosene from aqueous solution of pH 3.5 using 0.6 M Lactic acid as chelating agent | 1.57 | [26] |
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Kumari, A.; Sahu, K.K.; Sahu, S.K. Solvent Extraction and Separation of Nd, Pr and Dy from Leach Liquor of Waste NdFeB Magnet Using the Nitrate Form of Mextral® 336At in the Presence of Aquo-Complexing Agent EDTA. Metals 2019, 9, 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020269
Kumari A, Sahu KK, Sahu SK. Solvent Extraction and Separation of Nd, Pr and Dy from Leach Liquor of Waste NdFeB Magnet Using the Nitrate Form of Mextral® 336At in the Presence of Aquo-Complexing Agent EDTA. Metals. 2019; 9(2):269. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020269
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumari, Aarti, Kamala Kanta Sahu, and Sushanta Kumar Sahu. 2019. "Solvent Extraction and Separation of Nd, Pr and Dy from Leach Liquor of Waste NdFeB Magnet Using the Nitrate Form of Mextral® 336At in the Presence of Aquo-Complexing Agent EDTA" Metals 9, no. 2: 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9020269