The Influence of the Ratio of Au and Pt Nanoparticles in Ternary Composites with TiO2
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- 0.25% Au and 0.75% Pt;
- 0.75% Au and 0.25% Pt;
- 1% Au and 0% Pt—reference sample;
- 0% Au and 1% Pt—reference sample.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. X-ray Diffraction
3.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.3. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS)
- For the P25-based catalysts lowering the ratio of Pt nanoparticles resulted in the decrease of the bandgap energy (from 3.04 eV to 2.65 eV for P25_im-75Pt/25Au, to 2.52 eV for P25_is-25Au/75Pt);
- For AA-based photocatalysts obtained by impregnation, the decrease of the bandgap energy values cannot be linked with the ratio of the noble metals, while the differences between the values were also insignificant (the values vary from 3.15 to 3.17 eV). Using the in situ reductions, the same trend was observed as in the case of P25 (a decrease from 3.19 eV to 3.12 eV for AA_is-75Au/25Pt);
- When AR-based photocatalyst was investigated, the lowest bandgap energy was achieved when the ratio of the Au and Pt was 1:1 (2.89 eV for AR_is-Au&Pt and 2.91 eV for AR_im-Au&Pt).
3.4. Photocatalytic Performance of the Composites
3.4.1. Photodegradation of Oxalic Acid
- In situ method: for the P25 and AA-based composites, the best photocatalytic activity was achieved when the sequential reduction was used—first Au then Pt (Au/Pt). For the AR-based composited the simultaneous reduction of the noble metals proved to be the best (Au&Pt);
- Impregnation: for the P25-based composites, the sequential reduction was the best as well as for the other method (first Pt then Au—Pt/Au). For the AR and AA-based catalysts, the simultaneous reduction of the nanoparticles proved to be the best according to oxalic acid degradation (Au&Pt);
- Regarding the order of the reduction of the two noble metals:
- ⚬
- First Au then Pt (Au/Pt): when the base catalyst was AA or P25, using in situ reductions in both cases (AA_is-Au/Pt, P25_is-Au/Pt);
- ⚬
- First Pt then Au (Pt/Au): when the base catalyst was the P25, using impregnation method (P25_im-Pt/Au);
- ⚬
- AU and Pt at the same time (Au&Pt): the AR-based composites (in situ and impregnation as well—(AR_is-Au&Pt, (AR_im-Au&Pt) and AA-based ones, using impregnation (AA_im-Au&Pt);
- The ratio between the noble metals: the change in the composition improved the photocatalytic activity only in the case of the AR-based composites.
3.4.2. Photodegradation of Salicylic Acid
3.4.3. Photocatalytic H2 Production
4. Conclusions
- In terms of the base catalyst, only in the case of the AR-based composites improved the photocatalytic activity the change in the composition for the oxalic acid degradation (AR_im-75Au&25Pt);
- The hydrogen production capacity was improved only in the case of P25-based catalysts when the concentration of the noble metals was changed by the composite named P25_is-75Au/25Pt.
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reduction Approach | Au/Pt (eV) | Pt/Au (eV) | Au&Pt (eV) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Synthesis strategy | P25_is | AA_is | P25_im | AA_im | AR_is | AR_im |
0.25 Au 0.75 Pt | 2.52 | 3.19 | 2.65 | 3.16 | 2.93 | 2.95 |
0.50 Au 0.50 Pt | 2.57 | 3.13 | 2.67 | 3.17 | 2.89 | 2.91 [27] |
0.75 Au 0.25 Pt | 2.61 | 3.12 | 2.76 | 3.16 | 2.94 | 2.96 |
Au | 2.47 | 3.15 | 2.22 | 3.17 | 2.88 | 2.88 |
Pt | 2.75 | 3.19 | 2.54 | 3.15 | 2.82 | 2.93 |
P25 | AA | AR | ||||
3.04 | 3.24 | 2.99 |
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Hampel, B.; Baia, L.; Hernadi, K.; Pap, Z. The Influence of the Ratio of Au and Pt Nanoparticles in Ternary Composites with TiO2. Metals 2021, 11, 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040628
Hampel B, Baia L, Hernadi K, Pap Z. The Influence of the Ratio of Au and Pt Nanoparticles in Ternary Composites with TiO2. Metals. 2021; 11(4):628. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040628
Chicago/Turabian StyleHampel, Boglárka, Lucian Baia, Klara Hernadi, and Zsolt Pap. 2021. "The Influence of the Ratio of Au and Pt Nanoparticles in Ternary Composites with TiO2" Metals 11, no. 4: 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040628