Study of the Combined Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques Applied to Produce Contact Wire for High-Speed Railway Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material
2.2. Computer Simulation
2.3. Structural Studies
2.4. Study of Physical Mechanical Properties
3. Research Results and Discussion
3.1. Computer Simulation of ECAP-C Processes
3.2. Physical Experiment
3.2.1. Microstructural Analysis
3.2.2. X-ray Structural Analysis
3.2.3. Physical Mechanical Properties
4. Conclusions
- A computer simulation was found that during ECAP-C with wire forming a compressive stress of ≥ 500 MPa prevailed in the deformation region, which is known to be beneficial for the material workability.
- Physical experiments enabled the processing of contact wire samples for HS railway lines with complex of physical, mechanical, and service properties that meet modern requirements. The ultimate tensile strength was 560 ± 20 MPa, with an electrical conductivity of 76 ± 2% IACS and a relative tensile elongation of 20 ± 2%.
- The maximum contribution to the refinement therewith was found to be associated with ECAP with wire forming, which resulted in the production of a band structure with a mean size of fragments inside the bands of 300 ± 20 nm (TEM), a CSR of ~110 nm, and a dislocation density of 2.65 × 1014 m−2. Secondary phase precipitations with an average size of 20 ± 2 nm (TEM) are mainly located at the boundaries of the structure fragments. The distance between particles was 160 ± 15 nm.
- Further ageing at 450 °C for 1 h led to the growth of the CSR up to 160 ± 10 nm, with a decrease in the dislocation density, down to 1.65 × 1014 m−2. The average size of fine particles increased to 30 ± 3 nm, and the distance between them decreased to 110 ± 10 nm.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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State | CSR, nm | Microdeformation, ehkl, % | Dislocation Density ρ, 1014 m−2 | Lattice Parameter, Ǻ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Initial (radial swaging) | 220 ± 12 | 0.127 ± 0.021 | 1.71 ± 0.02 | 3.6170 ± 0.0004 |
ECAP with a wire forming | 110 ± 10 | 0.158 ± 0.025 | 2.65 ± 0.04 | 3.6160 ± 0.0007 |
ECAP with a wire forming + aging at 450 °C, 1 h | 160 ± 10 | 0.120 ± 0.020 | 1.65 ± 0.02 | 3.6150 ± 0.0006 |
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Asfandiyarov, R.N.; Raab, G.I.; Aksenov, D.A. Study of the Combined Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques Applied to Produce Contact Wire for High-Speed Railway Lines. Metals 2020, 10, 1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111476
Asfandiyarov RN, Raab GI, Aksenov DA. Study of the Combined Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques Applied to Produce Contact Wire for High-Speed Railway Lines. Metals. 2020; 10(11):1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111476
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsfandiyarov, Rashid N., Georgy I. Raab, and Denis A. Aksenov. 2020. "Study of the Combined Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques Applied to Produce Contact Wire for High-Speed Railway Lines" Metals 10, no. 11: 1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111476