Cultivating Community: Addressing Social Sustainability in Rapidly Urbanizing Hyderabad City, Pakistan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Purpose of Sustainable Cities
2.2. Sustainable Urban Development
2.3. Social Sustainability
2.4. Sustainable Neighborhood
2.5. Sustainable Residential Neighborhood Characteristics
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Methodology
3.3. Data Collection
3.4. Sample Size
Selected Housing Schemes
3.5. Data Analysis
- -
- Good: Alpha ≥ 0.6;
- -
- Better: Alpha between 0.7 and 0.8;
- -
- Excellent: Alpha ≥ 0.9 [84].
- -
- Mediocre: 0.6–0.69;
- -
- Medium: 0.7–0.79;
- -
- Insufficient: <0.6, necessitating corrective measures [86].
4. Results
4.1. Result of Field Visits
4.2. Results of Descriptive Analysis
4.2.1. Opportunities for Community Residents to Engage
4.2.2. Inclusivity and Accessibility
4.2.3. Facilities and Amenities
4.2.4. Social Cohesion and Safety
4.3. Cronbach’s Alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis
4.4. Yeh’s Satisfaction Index
5. Findings and Discussion
5.1. Characteristics of Socially Sustainable Neighborhoods
5.2. Social Behavior in the Study Area
5.3. Key Findings
- Firstly, there is a growing recognition of the importance of social sustainability (SS) in sustainable development agendas, emphasizing the need to integrate SS measures into residential areas [17].
- Secondly, the role of neighborhoods as the basic social unit crucial for city survival is emphasized, indicating the positive outcomes of incorporating social sustainability principles in neighborhood design [89].
- Thirdly, there is a focus on the need for inclusive and healthy living environments in urban areas, with a call for neighborhood sustainability assessment tools to prioritize the social pillar of sustainability to create more inclusive districts [68].
- Lastly, urban challenges in Pakistan, including social, physical, and economic hardships, underscore the urgency of bridging the gap in policy and practice to promote resilient and sustainable urbanization [90].
6. Conclusions
7. Limitations of the Study
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S. No. | Housing Scheme | Year | No. of Houses | 10% Qs Responses |
---|---|---|---|---|
Deh Jamshoro | ||||
i. | Happy Homes | 1982 | 141 | 14 |
ii. | Marvi Town | 1983 | 215 | 22 |
iii. | Naseem Nagar I and II | 1983 | 109 | 11 |
iv. | Al Mustafa Town | 1983 | 113 | 12 |
v. | Al Rehman Cottages | 1987 | 152 | 15 |
vi. | Abdullah Town | 1987 | 205 | 21 |
vii. | Bilal cottages | 1991 | 20 | 03 |
viii. | Gulshan e Bakhtawar | 1995 | 129 | 13 |
ix. | Citizen colony | 1995 | 228 | 21 |
x. | Al Rahim Villas | 2004 | 200 | 20 |
xi. | Naqash Villas | 2005 | 200 | 20 |
xii. | Abdullah Sports City | 2008 | 171 | 17 |
xiii. | Abdullah Heaven | 2008 | 85 | 9 |
Deh Sari | ||||
i. | GMB | 1982 | 88 | 9 |
ii. | Prince Town I and II | 1979 | 86 | 9 |
iii. | Hyderabad Town Phase I | 1982 | 94 | 9 |
iv. | Faraz Villas Phase II | 1983 | 190 | 19 |
v. | Hyderabad Muslim Cooperative Society | 1979 | 128 | 13 |
vi. | London Town | 2006 | 421 | 40 |
Activity | Characteristic | Status | Decisive Level |
---|---|---|---|
Physical | Inclusivity and Accessibility | Congested | Significant |
Transportation | |||
Health and Well-being | Inactivating | Vital | |
Aesthetics and Views | Unappealing | ||
Public Spaces | Deterring | Pivotal | |
Social | Social Equity | ||
Social Cohesion | Rare | Vital | |
Community Engagement | |||
Cultural Diversity | Captivating | Significant |
KMO and Bartlett’s Test | Reliability Statistics | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. | 0.863 | Cronbach’s Alpha | N of Items | |
Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity | Approx. Chi-Square | 8087.361 | 0.922 | 25 |
df | 300 | |||
Sig. | 0.000 |
Opportunities for Community Residents to Engage | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
N-Item | Variables | Satisfaction | Dissatisfaction | Satisfaction Index |
i. | Street Cleanliness | 104 | 167 | −20.521% |
ii. | Clean Water Supply | 116 | 85 | 10.098% |
iii. | Street Lighting | 131 | 144 | −4.234% |
iv. | Community Decision Making | 110 | 159 | −15.961% |
v. | Social Connection | 129 | 74 | 17.915% |
Inclusivity and Accessibility | ||||
i. | Locale Transport | 113 | 114 | −0.326% |
ii. | Cycling Route | 19 | 221 | −65.798% |
iii. | Pedestrian Passage | 39 | 204 | −53.746% |
iv. | Private Vehicle | 150 | 79 | 48.603% |
Facilities and Amenities | ||||
i. | Clean Environment | 141 | 126 | 4.886% |
ii. | Green Spaces | 93 | 198 | −34.202% |
iii. | Street-Side Plantation | 82 | 200 | −38.436% |
iv. | Sanitation/Hygiene | 61 | 173 | −36.482% |
v. | Public Spaces | 74 | 190 | −37.785% |
vi. | Health Facilities | 98 | 142 | −14.332% |
vii. | Education | 174 | 81 | 30.293% |
viii. | Parking Facility | 47 | 205 | −51.466% |
ix. | Facilities Accessible for all age-groups | 85 | 182 | −31.596% |
Social Cohesion and Safety | ||||
i. | Cultural and Recreational Activities | 96 | 183 | −28.338% |
ii. | Social Gathering | 86 | 188 | −33.225% |
iii. | Community Space | 90 | 182 | −29.967% |
iv. | Safety During Day | 203 | 67 | 44.299% |
v. | Safety During Evening | 169 | 68 | 32.899% |
vi. | Safety During Night | 115 | 126 | −3.583% |
vii. | Safety During Traffic | 132 | 125 | 2.280% |
Indicators of Social Sustainability | Responses | Field Visits |
---|---|---|
Knowing neighbors | Yes | Maximum residents knowing their neighbors |
Meeting neighbors frequently | Need Base | Depends on community engagement and commitments |
Social and community activity engagement | Need Base | Occasionally participating, inclusively, to know their neighbors |
Informal and formal social gathering opportunities | Need Base | Lacking community spaces for gathering |
Safety concern | Yes | Residents jointly make efforts |
Having a deep attachment to this residence | Need Base | It depends on the income source |
Making new friends | Yes | Diverse backgrounds make it inclusive |
Characteristic | Status | Index Level | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socially Sustainable Neighborhood | Community Resident Engagement | Neutral | Vital | Residents prefer neighborhoods that foster a sense of community, where neighbors interact with each other and participate in community events. |
Inclusivity and Accessibility | Dissatisfying | Pivotal | Residents prefer neighborhoods that are easily accessible to public transportation and other essential services. | |
Health and Well-being | Dissatisfying | Pivotal | Residents prefer neighborhoods that provide clean hygiene and other essential health services. | |
Education | Neutral | Vital | Residents prefer neighborhoods that provide easily reachable essential educational services. | |
Safety | Below average | Significant | Residents prefer safe and secure neighborhoods with adequate lighting and surveillance systems. | |
Cultural Diversity | Neutral | Vital | Residents belong to diverse cultures and encourage each other’s cultural diversity. | |
Social Cohesion | Dissatisfying | Pivotal | Residents hardly have spaces for social cohesion and social interaction. | |
Public Spaces | Below average | Significant | Residents prefer neighborhoods with ample green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and open spaces, which provide opportunities for recreation and relaxation. |
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Marvi, H.; Kalwar, S.; Talpur, M.A.H.; Memon, I.A.; Soomro, M.; Ahsan, N. Cultivating Community: Addressing Social Sustainability in Rapidly Urbanizing Hyderabad City, Pakistan. Societies 2024, 14, 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090161
Marvi H, Kalwar S, Talpur MAH, Memon IA, Soomro M, Ahsan N. Cultivating Community: Addressing Social Sustainability in Rapidly Urbanizing Hyderabad City, Pakistan. Societies. 2024; 14(9):161. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090161
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarvi, Hina, Saima Kalwar, Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur, Irfan Ahmed Memon, Mehnaz Soomro, and Noman Ahsan. 2024. "Cultivating Community: Addressing Social Sustainability in Rapidly Urbanizing Hyderabad City, Pakistan" Societies 14, no. 9: 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090161
APA StyleMarvi, H., Kalwar, S., Talpur, M. A. H., Memon, I. A., Soomro, M., & Ahsan, N. (2024). Cultivating Community: Addressing Social Sustainability in Rapidly Urbanizing Hyderabad City, Pakistan. Societies, 14(9), 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14090161