In the original publication [], two errors were discovered in the analysis script that slightly impacted the article’s results, as well as three errors in terms of reference numbers. Thus, the following corrections must be made:
Firstly, the following text corrections must be made to reflect the updated analyses:
In the Abstract, the sixth sentence is slightly misconceiving and has been corrected to “Generally, these associations did not vary significantly between low and high parental education”.
In the Results, Section 3.1. Descriptive Statistics, the original mean and standard deviation for school climate and leisure activities are incorrect and have been corrected to (M = 3.25) and (M = 1.56, SD = 1.14), respectively.
In the Results, Section 3.2. Parental Education and Family Cohesion, School Climate, and Number of Leisure Activities, the association estimate for high parental education and number of leisure activities is incorrect and has been corrected to (β 0.20, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.26).
In the Results, Section 3.3. Parental Education and Psychological Distress, Loneliness, and Life Dissatisfaction, the original estimates are incorrect. A correction has been made and the following paragraph is correct: “Results showed an association between high level of parental education and lower levels of psychological distress (β −0.03, 95% CI −0.06 to −0.01), loneliness (β −0.07, 95% CI −0.12 to −0.01), and life dissatisfaction (β −0.07, 95% CI −0.11 to −0.02)”.
In the Results, Section 3.4. The Relative Significance of Family Cohesion, School Climate, and Number of Leisure Activities, the original association estimates between family cohesion and psychological distress and between leisure activities and life dissatisfaction are incorrect and have been corrected to “−0.32 SD (−0.34 to −0.29 95% CI)” and “−0.10 (−0.12 to −0.07 95% CI)”, respectively.
In the Results, Section 3.5. Parental Education and the Relative Significance of Family, School, and Leisure Activities, the original paragraph is incorrect and has been corrected to “Comparing the coefficients across adolescents from low and high SEP showed no statistically significant difference in association between family cohesion, school climate and number of leisure activities and the two outcomes loneliness and life dissatisfaction (Table 2). However, we did find that the relative strength of the association between low parental education and psychological distress was higher than for high parental education (p = 0.031)”.
In the Discussion, first paragraph, the second and fourth sentences are incorrect and have been corrected to “Further, we observed that high parental education levels were associated with lower levels of psychological distress, loneliness, and life dissatisfaction” and “Further, the relative importance of the social contexts did not seem to differ between adolescents from high and low parental education for most outcomes, though a stronger association was found between number of leisure activities and psychological distress for low parental education level”, respectively.
In the Discussion, paragraph two, the following part is incorrect and has been removed: “though the association between parental education and psychological distress became non-significant when adjusting for covariates”.
In the Discussion, paragraph 8, the first sentence is incorrect and has been corrected to “Lastly, the present result suggests that the gradient of relative association from family, school, and leisure activities seems to be similar between adolescents of low and high parental education, though the association between number of leisure activities and psychological distress was relatively stronger for adolescents of low parental education than high parental education level”.
Secondly, the following reference citations should be updated:
- In the original publication, reference number [34] was cited wrongly in the text. The citation has now been inserted in the Introduction, paragraph 3, and should read “and that school peer support is related to the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents as well [12]”, and the order of some references has been adjusted accordingly.
- In the original publication, reference number [18] in the Discussion, paragraph 2, was incorrect and should be [17].
- In the original publication, reference number [20] in the Discussion, paragraph 8, was incorrect and should be [37].
Thirdly, in the original publication [], there are a few mistakes in Table 1 as certain estimates were affected by the correction of analyses. The corrected Table 1, Table 2 and Table S1 appear below.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the Young-HUNT4 Survey (2017–2019).
We sincerely apologize for these errors and any inconvenience these errors may have caused. In general, the overall conclusion still withstands, and with the presented corrections, the results should be correct. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Table 2.
Associations (standardized coefficients) between family cohesion, school environment, leisure activities and psychological distress, loneliness, and life dissatisfaction.
Table 2.
Associations (standardized coefficients) between family cohesion, school environment, leisure activities and psychological distress, loneliness, and life dissatisfaction.
| Psychological Distress | Loneliness | Life Dissatisfaction | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | (95% CI) | p-Value for Diff. | Beta | (95% CI) | p-Value for Diff. | Beta | (95% CI) | p-Value for Diff. | ||||
| All a | ||||||||||||
| Family cohesion | −0.32 | −0.34 to −0.29 | F. vs. S | p < 0.001 | −0.27 | −0.30 to −0.24 | F. vs. S | p = 0.017 | −0.37 | −0.40 to −0.35 | F. vs. S | p < 0.001 |
| School climate | −0.21 | −0.24 to −0.19 | S vs. LA | p < 0.001 | −0.23 | −0.26 to −0.20 | S vs. LA | p < 0.001 | −0.29 | −0.32 to −0.26 | S vs. LA | p < 0.001 |
| No. of leisure activities | −0.04 | −0.06 to −0.01 | LA vs. F | p < 0.001 | −0.06 | −0.08 to −0.03 | LA vs. F | p < 0.001 | −0.10 | −0.12 to −0.07 | LA vs. F | p < 0.001 |
| By parental education b | ||||||||||||
| Family | ||||||||||||
| Low parental education | −0.32 | −0.36 to −0.28 | Low vs. | −0.27 | −0.31 to −0.23 | Low vs. | −0.37 | −0.41 to −0.33 | Low vs. | |||
| High parental education | −0.31 | −0.34 to −0.27 | High | p = 0.557 | −0.26 | −0.30 to −0.23 | High | p = 0.836 | −0.38 | −0.41 to −0.34 | High | p = 0.824 |
| School | ||||||||||||
| Low parental education | −0.23 | −0.27 to −0.18 | Low vs. | −0.26 | −0.30 to −0.21 | Low vs. | −0.30 | −0.35 to −0.26 | Low vs. | |||
| High parental education | −0.22 | −0.25 to −0.19 | High | p = 0.724 | −0.22 | −0.25 to −0.19 | High | p = 0.212 | −0.29 | −0.33 to −0.25 | High | p = 0.676 |
| Leisure activities | ||||||||||||
| Low parental education | −0.07 | −0.11 to −0.03 | Low vs. | −0.06 | −0.10 to −0.02 | Low vs. | −0.12 | −0.16 to −0.08 | Low vs. | |||
| High parental education | −0.01 | −0.04 to 0.02 | High | p = 0.031 | −0.04 | −0.07 to −0.01 | High | p = 0.384 | −0.08 | −0.12 to −0.05 | High | p = 0.203 |
a Adjusted for sex, age, parental separation, and subjective family economy. b Stratified by parental education. CI; confidence interval, F; family cohesion, S; school climate, LA; number of leisure activities, Diff.; difference, No.; number.
Table S1.
Supplementary table.
Table S1.
Supplementary table.
| Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta (95% CI) | Beta (95% CI) | Beta (95% CI) | p-Value for Diff. | ||
| Psychological distress | |||||
| Family cohesion | −0.32 (−0.34 to −0.29) | −0.28 (−0.31 to −0.26) | −0.28 (−0.31 to −0.26) | F vs. S | p < 0.001 |
| School climate | −0.14 (−0.17 to −0.12) | −0.15 (−0.17 to −0.12) | S. vs. LA | p < 0.001 | |
| No. of leisure activities | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.03) | LA vs. F | p < 0.001 | ||
| Loneliness | |||||
| Family cohesion | −0.27 (−0.30 to −0.24) | −0.23 (−0.26 to −0.20) | −0.23 (−0.26 to −0.20) | F vs. S | p = 0.009 |
| School climate | −0.17 (−0.20 to −0.15) | −0.17 (−0.20 to −0.15) | S. vs. LA | p < 0.001 | |
| Leisure activities | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.01) | LA vs. F | p < 0.001 | ||
| Life dissatisfaction | |||||
| Family cohesion | −0.37 (−0.40 to −0.35) | −0.32 (−0.35 to −0.29) | −0.32 (−0.35 to −0.29) | F vs. S | p < 0.001 |
| School climate | −0.21 (−0.24 to −0.19) | −0.21 (−0.24 to −0.19) | S. vs. LA | p < 0.001 | |
| Leisure activities | −0.05 (−0.07 to −0.03) | LA vs. F | p < 0.001 | ||
a Adjusted for sex, age, subjective family economy, parental separation, and family cohesion. b Model 1 + adjusted for school climate. c Model 2 + adjusted for leisure activities. CI, confidence interval; diff, difference; F, family cohesion; S, school climate; LA, leisure activities.
Reference
- Aasan, B.E.V.; Lillefjell, M.; Krokstad, S.; Sylte, M.; Sund, E.R. The Relative Importance of Family, School, and Leisure Activities for the Mental Wellbeing of Adolescents: The Young-HUNT Study in Norway. Societies 2023, 13, 93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).