Habituation to a Deterrent Plant Alkaloid Develops Faster in the Specialist Herbivore Helicoverpa assulta Than in Its Generalist Congener Helicoverpa armigera and Coincides with Taste Neuron Desensitisation

Zhou, Dong-Sheng; Wang, Chen-Zhu; van Loon, Joop J. A.

doi:10.3390/insects13010021

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Habituation to a Deterrent Plant Alkaloid Develops Faster in the Specialist Herbivore Helicoverpa assulta Than in Its Generalist Congener Helicoverpa armigera and Coincides with Taste Neuron Desensitisation

Dong-Sheng Zhou

^1,2,3,

Chen-Zhu Wang

^2,* and

Joop J. A. van Loon

^3,*

Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, China

State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editors: Sylvia Anton and Romina B. Barrozo

Insects 2022, 13(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010021

Received: 29 November 2021 / Revised: 20 December 2021 / Accepted: 22 December 2021 / Published: 23 December 2021

(This article belongs to the Collection Insect Sensory Biology)

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Habituation to deterrent plant compounds has been found in generalist and specialist insect herbivores. The rate at which plant-feeding insects habituate and at which sensitivity of taste neurons detecting deterrents changes has not been compared among closely related species. The generalist Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the specialist Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) differ strongly in degree of host-plant specialism. Both species habituated to the alkaloid strychnine after dietary exposure; however, the specialist H. assulta displayed habituation to strychnine faster (at 48 h) than the generalist H. armigera (at 72 h). Electrophysiological recordings from taste sensilla on mouthparts revealed that a deterrent-sensitive neuron in the medial sensillum styloconicum of both species displayed significantly reduced sensitivity to the deterrent that coincided in time with the onset of habituation. Our findings show that physiological changes in taste neuron sensitivity coincide with habituation to plant compounds that are initially avoided.

Abstract

The two closely related moth species, Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta differ strongly in their degree of host-plant specialism. In dual-choice leaf disk assays, caterpillars of the two species that had been reared on standard artificial diet were strongly deterred by the plant-derived alkaloid strychnine. However, caterpillars of both species reared on artificial diet containing strychnine from neonate to the 5th instar were insensitive to this compound. Fifth instar caterpillars of H. assulta and 4th or 5th instars of H. armigera not exposed to strychnine before were subjected to strychnine-containing diet for 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, or 72 h. Whereas H. assulta displayed habituation to strychnine after 48 h, it took until 72 h for H. armigera to become habituated. Electrophysiological tests revealed that a deterrent-sensitive neuron in the medial sensillum styloconicum of both species displayed significantly reduced sensitivity to strychnine that correlated with the onset of habituation. We conclude that the specialist H. assulta habituated faster to strychnine than the generalist H. armigera and hypothesis that desensitization of deterrent-sensitive neurons contributed to habituation. View Full-Text

Keywords: habituation; taste desensitization; strychnine; Helicoverpa armigera; Helicoverpa assulta

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, D.-S.; Wang, C.-Z.; van Loon, J.J.A. Habituation to a Deterrent Plant Alkaloid Develops Faster in the Specialist Herbivore Helicoverpa assulta Than in Its Generalist Congener Helicoverpa armigera and Coincides with Taste Neuron Desensitisation. Insects 2022, 13, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010021

AMA Style

Zhou D-S, Wang C-Z, van Loon JJA. Habituation to a Deterrent Plant Alkaloid Develops Faster in the Specialist Herbivore Helicoverpa assulta Than in Its Generalist Congener Helicoverpa armigera and Coincides with Taste Neuron Desensitisation. Insects. 2022; 13(1):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010021

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Dong-Sheng, Chen-Zhu Wang, and Joop J. A. van Loon. 2022. "Habituation to a Deterrent Plant Alkaloid Develops Faster in the Specialist Herbivore Helicoverpa assulta Than in Its Generalist Congener Helicoverpa armigera and Coincides with Taste Neuron Desensitisation" Insects 13, no. 1: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13010021

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Habituation to a Deterrent Plant Alkaloid Develops Faster in the Specialist Herbivore Helicoverpa assulta Than in Its Generalist Congener Helicoverpa armigera and Coincides with Taste Neuron Desensitisation

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