Table 1.
MANOVA parameters for main effects and associated interaction for mortality of Tribolim castaneum adults and larvae, Sitophilus oryzae adults, Rhyzopertha dominica adults, and Acarus siro adults and nymphs between and within exposure intervals (error DF = 32).
Table 1.
MANOVA parameters for main effects and associated interaction for mortality of Tribolim castaneum adults and larvae, Sitophilus oryzae adults, Rhyzopertha dominica adults, and Acarus siro adults and nymphs between and within exposure intervals (error DF = 32).
Effect | DF | T. castaneum | T. castaneum | S. oryzae | R. dominica | A. siro | A. siro |
---|
Adults | Larvae | Adults | Adults | Adults | Nymphs |
---|
Between exposure intervals | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Source | | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p |
Intercept | 1 | 4928 | <0.01 | 1293.2 | <0.01 | 2189.7 | <0.01 | 447.9 | <0.01 | 1587.6 | <0.01 | 5554.6 | <0.01 |
Dose | 2 | 36.7 | <0.01 | 9.0 | 0.01 | 8.8 | 0.01 | 3.6 | 0.02 | 10.7 | <0.01 | 19.4 | <0.01 |
Within exposure intervals | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Source | | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p |
Exposure | 4 | 6285.2 | <0.01 | 112.6 | <0.01 | 6638.0 | <0.01 | 101.9 | <0.01 | 83.2 | <0.01 | 68.2 | <0.01 |
Exposure × dose | 8 | 9.1 | <0.01 | 2.4 | 0.01 | 5.8 | <0.01 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 3.1 | 0.01 | 2.7 | 0.01 |
Table 2.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded. Where dashes exist, no analysis was performed.
Table 2.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded. Where dashes exist, no analysis was performed.
Exposure | 1 Day | 2 Days | 3 Days | 4 Days | 5 Days | F | p |
---|
Dose (mg a.i./cm2) | | | | | | | |
---|
0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.0 D | 0.0 ± 0.0 Db | 12.2 ± 1.5 Cc | 30.0 ± 1.7 Bc | 42.2 ± 2.8 Ac | 1045.9 | <0.01 |
0.05 | 0.0 ± 0.0 D | 0.0 ± 0.0 Db | 18.9 ± 2.0 Cb | 36.7 ± 3.3 Bbc | 54.4 ± 2.9 Ab | 790.0 | <0.01 |
0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 C | 2.2 ± 1.5 Cb | 28.9 ± 3.1 Ba | 44.4 ± 2.9 ABab | 61.1 ± 3.1 Ab | 132.0 | <0.01 |
0.5 | 0.0 ± 0.0 D | 11.1 ± 2.0 Ca | 35.6 ± 2.9 Ba | 56.7 ± 2.9 ABa | 81.1 ± 1.1 Aa | 160.0 | <0.01 |
F | - | 21.8 | 20.8 | 14.8 | 29.8 | | |
p | - | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | | |
Table 3.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum larvae exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2) for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Table 3.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum larvae exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2) for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Exposure | 1 Day | 2 Days | 3 Days | 4 Days | 5 Days | F | p |
---|
Dose (mg a.i./cm2) | | | | | | | |
---|
0.01 | 2.2 ± 1.5 Cb | 7.8 ± 3.6 Cb | 21.1 ± 3.5 Bc | 38.9 ± 2.0 ABc | 66.7 ± 2.4 Ac | 30.3 | <0.01 |
0.05 | 5.6 ± 1.8 Cab | 13.3 ± 3.3 BCab | 26.7 ± 2.9 ABbc | 48.9 ± 3.1 Abc | 77.8 ± 4.3 Abc | 20.2 | <0.01 |
0.1 | 8.9 ± 2.6 Cab | 22.2 ± 4.0 BCa | 37.8 ± 5.2 ABb | 58.9 ± 5.1 Ab | 84.4 ± 4.8 Aab | 15.1 | <0.01 |
0.5 | 14.4 ± 2.9 Ca | 33.3 ± 4.1 Ba | 60.0 ± 4.4 ABa | 77.8 ± 4.0 Aa | 96.7 ± 1.7 Aa | 25.2 | <0.01 |
F | 4.3 | 5.8 | 12.2 | 20.0 | 12.3 | | |
p | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | | |
Table 4.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Sitophilus oryzae adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded. Where dashes exist, no analysis was performed.
Table 4.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Sitophilus oryzae adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded. Where dashes exist, no analysis was performed.
Exposure | 1 Day | 2 Days | 3 Days | 4 Days | 5 Days | F | p |
---|
Dose (mg a.i./cm2) | | | | | | | |
---|
0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.0 C | 0.0 ± 0.0 Cb | 8.9 ± 2.0 B | 25.6 ± 2.9 Ab | 45.6 ± 3.8 Ac | 96.4 | <0.01 |
0.05 | 0.0 ± 0.0 D | 0.0 ± 0.0 Db | 15.6 ± 1.8 C | 30.0 ± 5.3 Bb | 62.2 ± 2.8 Ab | 333.6 | <0.01 |
0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.0 C | 0.0 ± 0.0 Cb | 18.9 ± 4.8 B | 36.7 ± 2.9 Aab | 71.1 ± 3.1 Aab | 82.8 | <0.01 |
0.5 | 0.0 ± 0.0 D | 3.3 ± 1.7 Ca | 23.3 ± 2.4 B | 45.6 ± 2.4 ABa | 80.0 ± 1.7 Aa | 106.0 | <0.01 |
F | - | 4.0 | 2.6 | 4.8 | 21.3 | | |
p | - | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.01 | | |
Table 5.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Rhyzopertha dominica adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Table 5.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Rhyzopertha dominica adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Exposure | 1 Day | 2 Days | 3 Days | 4 Days | 5 Days | F | p |
---|
Dose (mg a.i./cm2) | | | | | | | |
---|
0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.0 C | 2.2 ± 1.5 BC | 7.8 ± 2.8 B | 18.9 ± 2.6 A | 34.4 ± 3.8 Ab | 29.8 | <0.01 |
0.05 | 1.1 ± 1.1 C | 4.4 ± 2.4 BC | 8.9 ± 2.6 B | 25.6 ± 2.9 A | 40.0 ± 4.1 Aab | 22.0 | <0.01 |
0.1 | 2.2 ± 1.5 C | 8.9 ± 2.6 B | 15.6 ±2.4 AB | 26.7 ± 3.3 A | 43.3 ± 2.4 Aab | 22.9 | <0.01 |
0.5 | 4.4 ± 2.4 D | 10.0 ± 3.3 CD | 16.7 ± 4.1 BC | 32.2 ± 4.3 AB | 50.0 ± 4.1 Aa | 13.2 | <0.01 |
F | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 3.1 | | |
p | 0.25 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.04 | | |
Table 6.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Acarus siro adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Table 6.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Acarus siro adults exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Exposure | 1 Day | 2 Days | 3 Days | 4 Days | 5 Days | F | p |
---|
Dose (mg a.i./cm2) | | | | | | | |
---|
0.01 | 0.0 ± 0.0 Dc | 7.8 ± 2.2 Cb | 24.4 ± 3.4 Bb | 38.9 ± 3.5 ABc | 65.6 ± 2.9 Ac | 67.7 | <0.01 |
0.05 | 5.5 ± 1.8 Cb | 17.8 ± 3.6 Bab | 33.3 ± 5.0 ABab | 50.0 ± 6.2 Abc | 74.4 ± 3.4 Abc | 20.2 | <0.01 |
0.1 | 10.0 ± 1.7 Cab | 27.8 ± 4.3 BCa | 38.9 ± 4.6 ABab | 62.2 ± 4.7 Aab | 82.2 ± 2.8 Aab | 14.5 | <0.01 |
0.5 | 17.8 ± 3.2 Ca | 35.6 ± 6.7 BCa | 54.4 ± 7.5 ABa | 72.2 ± 5.5 Aa | 92.2 ± 2.2 Aa | 13.4 | <0.01 |
F | 14.2 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 9.0 | 14.2 | | |
p | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | | |
Table 7.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Acarus siro nymphs exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Table 7.
Mean immediate mortality (% ± SE) of Acarus siro nymphs exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2), for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days. Within each row, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 4, 44, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Within each column, means that are followed by the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Exposure | 1 Day | 2 Days | 3 Days | 4 Days | 5 Days | F | p |
---|
Dose (mg a.i./cm2) | | | | | | | |
---|
0.01 | 2.2 ± 1.5 Cb | 17.8 ± 2.2 Bc | 27.8 ± 3.2 ABb | 37.8 ± 2.2 Ac | 45.6 ± 3.4 Ac | 53.2 | <0.01 |
0.05 | 7.8 ± 1.5 Ca | 24.4 ± 3.4 Bbc | 38.9 ± 3.9 ABab | 47.8 ± 3.6 ABbc | 56.7 ± 3.3 Abc | 22.2 | <0.01 |
0.1 | 13.3 ± 1.7 Da | 31.1 ± 3.1 Cab | 40.0 ± 3.3 BCa | 54.4 ± 3.4 ABab | 64.4 ± 4.4 Aab | 51.5 | <0.01 |
0.5 | 16.7 ± 1.7 Da | 36.7 ± 2.9 Ca | 46.7 ± 1.7 BCa | 61.1 ± 2.6 ABa | 73.3 ± 3.7 Aa | 73.2 | <0.01 |
F | 15.8 | 7.6 | 5.6 | 10.9 | 9.8 | | |
p | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | | |
Table 8.
ANOVA parameters for main effects and the associated interaction for delayed mortality of Tribolium castaneum adults and larvae, Sitophilus oryzae adults, Rhyzopertha dominica adults, and Acarus siro adults and nymphs (total DF = 202).
Table 8.
ANOVA parameters for main effects and the associated interaction for delayed mortality of Tribolium castaneum adults and larvae, Sitophilus oryzae adults, Rhyzopertha dominica adults, and Acarus siro adults and nymphs (total DF = 202).
Effect | DF | Species |
---|
Source | | F | p |
---|
Species | 5 | 1.5 | 0.21 |
Dose | 3 | 8.1 | <0.01 |
Species × dose | 15 | 0.4 | 1.00 |
Table 9.
Mean delayed mortality (% ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum adults and larvae, Sitophilus oryzae adults, Rhyzopertha dominica adults, and Acarus siro adults and nymphs exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2). Within each row, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Table 9.
Mean delayed mortality (% ± SE) of Tribolium castaneum adults and larvae, Sitophilus oryzae adults, Rhyzopertha dominica adults, and Acarus siro adults and nymphs exposed on concrete treated with chlorantraniliprole at four doses (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mg a.i./cm2). Within each row, means followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 3, 35, Tukey–Kramer HSD test at p = 0.05). Where no letters exist, no significant differences were recorded.
Dose (mg a.i./cm2) | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.5 | DF | F | p |
---|
Species/Life Stage | | | | | | | |
---|
T. castaneum adults | 91.0 ± 2.9 | 95.4 ± 3.1 | 97.8 ± 2.2 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 3, 35 | 2.5 | 0.08 |
T. castaneum larvae | 88.0 ± 4.2 | 93.5 ± 4.3 | 97.2 ± 2.8 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 3, 25 | 1.2 | 0.32 |
S. oryzae adults | 97.8 ± 2.2 | 98.2 ± 1.9 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 3, 35 | 0.7 | 0.58 |
R. dominica adults | 86.6 ± 3.4 b | 92.6 ± 2.6 ab | 96.7 ± 2.4 a | 98.6 ± 1.4 a | 3, 35 | 4.3 | 0.01 |
A. siro adults | 88.2 ± 6.0 | 92.6 ± 4.9 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 100.0 ± 0.0 | 3, 32 | 1.9 | 0.15 |
A. siro nymphs | 90.3 ± 4.2 | 92.6 ± 3.8 | 94.4 ± 3.7 | 96.3 ± 3.7 | 3, 35 | 0.4 | 0.75 |