Performing the ABC Method Twice for Gastric Cancer Risk Stratification: A Retrospective Study Based on Data from a Large-Scale Screening Facility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statements
2.2. Study Design and Participants
2.3. Measurement of Anti-H. pylori Antibody Titer
2.4. The ABC Method
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 2010 | 2015 | ||
Number | 7129 | 7129 | ||
Age | 48.4 (±8.3) | 53.4 (±8.3) | ||
Male | 4145 (58.1%) | 4145 (58.1%) | ||
BMI | 23.1 (±3.4) | 23.1 (±3.5) | 0.23 | |
Anti-H. pylori antibody titer, n (%) | <3 U/mL | 5641 (79.1%) | 5705 (80.0%) | |
3–9.9 U/mL | 338 (4.7%) | 331 (4.6%) | ||
>10 U/mL | 1150 (16.1%) | 1093 (15.3%) | 0.38 | |
PG I | 50.9 (±26.7) | 60 (±36.8) | <0.01 | |
PG II | 9.9 (±7.1) | 11.8 (±8.3) | <0.01 | |
PG I/PG II | 5.9 (±1.9) | 5.7 (±1.8) | <0.01 | |
ABC screening | Group A | 5613 | 5659 | |
Group B | 1059 | 1022 | ||
Group C | 429 | 402 | ||
Group D | 28 | 46 | 0.11 | |
Use of PPIs | Yes | 97 | 217 | |
No | 7032 | 6912 | <0.01 | |
Upper gastrointestinal | Yes | 59 | 54 | |
tract surgery | No | 7070 | 7075 | 0.71 |
Smoking | Current | 1470 | 1252 | |
Former | 1888 | 2132 | ||
Never | 3771 | 3745 | <0.01 | |
Use of anticoagulants | Yes | 153 | 242 | |
No | 6976 | 6887 | <0.01 | |
Use of steroids | Yes | 57 | 46 | |
No | 7072 | 7083 | 0.28 | |
Use of NSAIDs | Yes | 449 | 579 | |
No | 6680 | 6550 | <0.01 |
Anti-H. pylori Antibody Titers Recorded in 2010 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
<3 U/mL | 3–9.9 U/mL | ≥10 U/mL | |||
Anti-H. pylori antibody titers recorded in 2015 | <3 U/mL | 5577 | 108 | 20 | 5705 |
78.20% | 1.50% | 0.30% | 80.00% | ||
3–9.9 U/mL | 53 | 205 | 73 | 331 | |
0.70% | 2.90% | 1.00% | 4.60% | ||
≥10 U/mL | 11 | 25 | 1057 | 1093 | |
0.20% | 0.40% | 14.80% | 15.30% | ||
5641 | 338 | 1150 | 7129 | ||
79.10% | 4.70% | 16.10% | 100.00% |
New H. pylori Infection | Non-Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | Multivariate Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male vs. Female | 3.0 (0.63–14.4) | 0.17 | 2.1 (0.36–13.1) | 0.37 |
Age * | 1.03 (0.96–1.1)) | 0.41 | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 0.66 |
BMI * | 1.08 (0.94–1.25) | 0.28 | 1.1 (0.83–1.20) | 0.97 |
Upper intestinal tract surgery (yes vs. no) | NA | 0.99 | NA | |
History of smoking (yes vs. no) | 2.9 (0.89–9.7) | 0.78 | 2.1 (0.46–10.0) | 0.3 |
Use of PPIs (yes vs. no) | 5.5 (0.60–51) | 0.13 | 4.8 (1.02–6.2) | 0.23 |
Use of anticoagulants (yes vs. no) | NA | NA | ||
Use of steroids (yes vs. no) | NA | NA | ||
Use of NSAIDs (yes vs. no) | 1.5 (0.19–12) | 0.70 | 2.4 (0.28–20.3) | 0.46 |
Spontaneous eradication of H. pylori | Non-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | Multivariate odds ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
Male vs. Female | 2.4 (0.9–6.5) | 0.09 | 1.7 (0.52–5.6) | 0.36 |
Age * | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | <0.01 | 1.1 (1.05–1.16) | <0.01 |
BMI * | 1.06 (0.95–1.19) | 0.3 | 1.04 (0.90–1.19) | 0.55 |
Upper intestinal tract surgery (yes vs. no) | 2.2 (0.26–19) | 0.47 | 1.8 (0.19–16.5) | 0.62 |
History of smoking (yes vs. no) | 1.2 (0.36–4.3) | 0.73 | 1.1 (0.40–3.2) | 0.78 |
Use of PPIs (yes vs. no) | NA | NA | ||
Use of anticoagulants (yes vs. no) | 9.7 (3.2–30) | <0.01 | 3.2 (0.95–11.2) | 0.08 |
Use of steroids (yes vs. no) | 5.6 (0.7–45) | 0.1 | 6.0 (0.72–50.9) | 0.17 |
Use of NSAIDs (yes vs. no) | 1.8 (0.4–8.3) | 0.44 | 2.0 (0.44–9.4) | 0.39 |
Cancer Incidence Rate | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 2015 | Fisher’s Exact Test | Bootstrapping Test | Difference between 2010 and 2015 (95% CI) | ||
Group A | 9/5613 | 11/5659 | 0.82 | 0.33 | −0.03% | (−0.13% to 0.13%) |
0.16% | 0.19% | |||||
Group B | 5/1059 | 4/1022 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.08% | (−0.50% to 6.5%) |
0.47% | 0.39% | |||||
Group C + D | 9/457 | 8/448 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.18% | (−1.4% to 2.0%) |
1.97% | 1.79% | |||||
2010 | ABC twice | Fisher’s exact test | Bootstrapping test | Difference between 2010 and ABC twice (95% CI) | ||
Group A | 9/5613 | 9/5543 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.00% | (−0.16% to 0.16%) |
0.16% | 0.16% | |||||
Group B | 5/1059 | 4/1036 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.09% | (−0.48% to 0.66%) |
0.47% | 0.39% | |||||
Group C + D | 9/457 | 10/550 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.15% | (−1.6% to 1.9%) |
1.97% | 1.82% |
Cancer Rate | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 2015 | Fisher’s Exact Test | Bootstrapping Test | Difference between 2010 and 2015 (95% CI) | ||
Group A | 7/5356 | 8/5391 | 0.80 | 0.35 | −0.02% | (−0.18% to 0.11%) |
0.13% | 0.15% | |||||
Group B | 4/990 | 2/956 | 0.69 | 0.19 | 0.19% | (−0.31% to 0.71%) |
0.40% | 0.21% | |||||
Group C + D | 7/404 | 8/403 | 0.80 | 0.40 | −0.25% | (−2.3% to 1.7%) |
1.73% | 1.99% | |||||
2010 | ABC twice | Fisher’s exact test | Bootstrapping test | Difference between 2010 and ABC twice (95% CI) | ||
Group A | 7/5356 | 7/5302 | 1.00 | 0.43 | −0.01% | (−0.14% to 0.11%) |
0.13% | 0.13% | |||||
Group B | 4/990 | 3/957 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 0.09% | (−0.42% to 0.60%) |
0.40% | 0.31% | |||||
Group C + D | 7/404 | 8/491 | 1.00 | 0.47 | 0.10% | (−1.5% to 1.8%) |
1.73% | 1.63% |
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Share and Cite
Mizutani, S.; Takahashi, Y.; Shimamoto, T.; Nakagawa, H.; Hisada, H.; Oshio, K.; Kubota, D.; Mizutani, H.; Ohki, D.; Sakaguchi, Y.; et al. Performing the ABC Method Twice for Gastric Cancer Risk Stratification: A Retrospective Study Based on Data from a Large-Scale Screening Facility. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071284
Mizutani S, Takahashi Y, Shimamoto T, Nakagawa H, Hisada H, Oshio K, Kubota D, Mizutani H, Ohki D, Sakaguchi Y, et al. Performing the ABC Method Twice for Gastric Cancer Risk Stratification: A Retrospective Study Based on Data from a Large-Scale Screening Facility. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(7):1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071284
Chicago/Turabian StyleMizutani, Satoru, Yu Takahashi, Takeshi Shimamoto, Hideki Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Hisada, Kaori Oshio, Dai Kubota, Hiroya Mizutani, Daisuke Ohki, Yoshiki Sakaguchi, and et al. 2023. "Performing the ABC Method Twice for Gastric Cancer Risk Stratification: A Retrospective Study Based on Data from a Large-Scale Screening Facility" Diagnostics 13, no. 7: 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071284